Tresguerres Martin
Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, SIO mail code 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Exp Biol. 2016 Jul 15;219(Pt 14):2088-97. doi: 10.1242/jeb.128389.
The vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (VHA) is a multi-subunit enzyme that uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport H(+) across biological membranes. VHA plays a universal role in essential cellular functions, such as the acidification of lysosomes and endosomes. In addition, the VHA-generated H(+)-motive force can drive the transport of diverse molecules across cell membranes and epithelia for specialized physiological functions. Here, I discuss diverse physiological functions of VHA in marine animals, focusing on recent discoveries about base secretion in shark gills, potential bone dissolution by Osedax bone-eating worms and its participation in a carbon-concentrating mechanism that promotes coral photosynthesis. Because VHA is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes, it is likely to play many other essential physiological roles in diverse marine organisms. Elucidating and characterizing basic VHA-dependent mechanisms could help to determine species responses to environmental stress, including (but not limited to) that resulting from climate change.
液泡型H(+)-ATP酶（VHA）是一种多亚基酶，它利用ATP水解产生的能量跨生物膜转运H(+)。VHA在基本细胞功能中发挥着普遍作用，如溶酶体和内体的酸化。此外，VHA产生的H(+)动力可驱动多种分子跨细胞膜和上皮细胞转运，以实现特定的生理功能。在此，我将讨论VHA在海洋动物中的多种生理功能，重点关注鲨鱼鳃中碱分泌的最新发现、食骨蠕虫对骨骼的潜在溶解作用及其在促进珊瑚光合作用的碳浓缩机制中的参与情况。由于VHA在真核生物中具有进化保守性，它很可能在多种海洋生物中发挥许多其他重要的生理作用。阐明和表征基本的VHA依赖机制有助于确定物种对环境压力的反应，包括（但不限于）气候变化导致的环境压力。
