Kawashima Takaharu, Ahmed Walaa M S, Nagino Koki, Ubuka Takayoshi, Tsutsui Kazuyoshi
Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Japan.
Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukuba, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef, Egypt.
Front Neurosci. 2016 Jun 30;10:296. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00296. eCollection 2016.
Most of the currently used toxicity assays for environmental chemicals use acute or chronic systemic or reproductive toxicity endpoints rather than neurobehavioral endpoints. In addition, the current standard approaches to assess reproductive toxicity are time-consuming. Therefore, with increasing numbers of chemicals being developed with potentially harmful neurobehavioral effects in higher vertebrates, including humans, more efficient means of assessing neuro- and reproductive toxicity are required. Here we discuss the use of a Galliformes-based avian test battery in which developmental toxicity is assessed by means of a combination of chemical exposure during early embryonic development using an embryo culture system followed by analyses after hatching of sociosexual behaviors such as aggression and mating and of visual memory via filial imprinting. This Galliformes-based avian test battery shows promise as a sophisticated means not only of assessing chemical toxicity in avian species but also of assessing the risks posed to higher vertebrates, including humans, which are markedly sensitive to nervous or neuroendocrine system dysfunction.
目前用于环境化学品的大多数毒性检测方法采用急性或慢性全身毒性或生殖毒性终点，而非神经行为终点。此外，当前评估生殖毒性的标准方法耗时较长。因此，随着越来越多对包括人类在内的高等脊椎动物具有潜在有害神经行为影响的化学品被研发出来，需要更有效的方法来评估神经毒性和生殖毒性。在此，我们讨论一种基于鸡形目鸟类的测试组合，其中发育毒性通过胚胎培养系统在胚胎早期发育期间进行化学暴露，随后在孵化后分析社会性行为（如攻击和交配）以及通过子代印记分析视觉记忆来评估。这种基于鸡形目鸟类的测试组合有望成为一种精密的方法，不仅可用于评估鸟类物种中的化学毒性，还能评估对包括人类在内的高等脊椎动物所构成的风险，这些高等脊椎动物对神经或神经内分泌系统功能障碍极为敏感。
