Li Kaiyun, Fu Qiufang, Sun Xunwei, Zhou Xiaoyan, Fu Xiaolan
State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China.
Front Psychol. 2016 Jun 30;7:1017. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01017. eCollection 2016.
It remains unclear whether probabilistic category learning in the feedback-based weather prediction task (FB-WPT) can be mediated by a non-declarative or procedural learning system. To address this issue, we compared the effects of training time and verbal working memory, which influence the declarative learning system but not the non-declarative learning system, in the FB and paired-associate (PA) WPTs, as the PA task recruits a declarative learning system. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the optimal accuracy in the PA condition was significantly decreased when the training time was reduced from 7 to 3 s, but this did not occur in the FB condition, although shortened training time impaired the acquisition of explicit knowledge in both conditions. The results of Experiment 2 showed that the concurrent working memory task impaired the optimal accuracy and the acquisition of explicit knowledge in the PA condition but did not influence the optimal accuracy or the acquisition of self-insight knowledge in the FB condition. The apparent dissociation results between the FB and PA conditions suggested that a non-declarative or procedural learning system is involved in the FB-WPT and provided new evidence for the multiple-systems theory of human category learning.
基于反馈的天气预报任务（FB-WPT）中的概率性类别学习是否可由非陈述性或程序性学习系统介导仍不清楚。为解决这一问题，我们在FB和配对联想（PA）WPT中比较了训练时间和言语工作记忆的影响，训练时间和言语工作记忆会影响陈述性学习系统，但不会影响非陈述性学习系统，因为PA任务采用的是陈述性学习系统。实验1的结果表明，当训练时间从7秒减少到3秒时，PA条件下的最佳准确率显著降低，但在FB条件下并未出现这种情况，尽管缩短训练时间会损害两种条件下显性知识的习得。实验2的结果表明，同时进行的工作记忆任务会损害PA条件下的最佳准确率和显性知识的习得，但不会影响FB条件下的最佳准确率或自我洞察知识的习得。FB和PA条件之间明显的分离结果表明，非陈述性或程序性学习系统参与了FB-WPT，并为人类类别学习的多系统理论提供了新证据。
