Newell Ben R, Lagnado David A, Shanks David R
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Jun;14(3):505-11. doi: 10.3758/bf03194098.
Considerable interest in the hypothesis that different cognitive tasks recruit qualitatively distinct processing systems has led to the proposal of separate explicit (declarative) and implicit (procedural) systems. A popular probabilistic category learning task known as the weather prediction task is said to be ideally suited to examine this distinction because its two versions, "observation" and "feedback," are claimed to recruit the declarative and procedural systems, respectively. In two experiments, we found results that were inconsistent with this interpretation. In Experiment 1, a concurrent memory task had a detrimental effect on the implicit (feedback) version of the task. In Experiment 2, participants displayed comparable and accurate insight into the task and their judgment processes in the feedback and observation versions. These findings have important implications for the study of probabilistic category learning in both normal and patient populations.
对于不同认知任务会调用性质不同的加工系统这一假设的极大兴趣，引发了对单独的显性（陈述性）和隐性（程序性）系统的提议。一种被称为天气预报任务的流行概率类别学习任务据说非常适合检验这种区别，因为它的两个版本，即“观察”和“反馈”，据称分别调用陈述性和程序性系统。在两项实验中，我们发现的结果与这种解释不一致。在实验1中，一个并发记忆任务对该任务的隐性（反馈）版本产生了不利影响。在实验2中，参与者在反馈版和观察版任务中对任务及其判断过程表现出了相当且准确的洞察力。这些发现对正常人群和患者群体的概率类别学习研究具有重要意义。
