Nwaneri Assumpta C, McBeth Lucien, Hinds Terry D
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Mailstop 1008, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
Horm Cancer. 2016 Dec;7(5-6):296-304. doi: 10.1007/s12672-016-0271-4. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of mortality amongst elderly men in the USA and is second only to lung cancer. African Americans (AA) are at an increased risk of developing PC and are more likely to die from the disease in comparison to Caucasian Americans (CA). Chromosomal alterations or genetic differences between AA and CA may account for the variances observed in PC progression. Importantly, mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) or the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may contribute to the disparity. Current studies are investigating the role of small nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which affect protein translation of the receptors by regulation of the 3' untranslated region (UTR), which may enhance the progression of PC. However, these genetic differences have not been fully explored in prostates between the two ethnic groups. This review will highlight the current studies on the EGFR signaling pathway as well as the involvement of SNPs and miRNAs and relate them to variances observed in PC of AA and CA men. With an understanding of these differences, specific preventive and therapeutic strategies may be developed to target personalized medicine for prostate carcinogenesis.
前列腺癌（PC）是美国老年男性死亡的主要原因之一，仅次于肺癌。非裔美国人（AA）患前列腺癌的风险增加，与美国白人（CA）相比，死于该疾病的可能性更大。非裔美国人和美国白人之间的染色体改变或基因差异可能是前列腺癌进展中观察到的差异的原因。重要的是，雄激素受体（AR）或表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的突变可能导致这种差异。目前的研究正在调查单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和微小RNA（miRNA）的作用，它们通过调节3'非翻译区（UTR）来影响受体的蛋白质翻译，这可能会促进前列腺癌的进展。然而，这两个种族群体前列腺中的这些基因差异尚未得到充分研究。本综述将重点介绍目前关于EGFR信号通路以及SNP和miRNA的研究，并将它们与在非裔美国人和美国白人男性前列腺癌中观察到的差异联系起来。了解这些差异后，可能会制定出针对前列腺癌发生的个性化医学的具体预防和治疗策略。
