Currie Sinéad, Gray Cindy, Shepherd Ashley, McInnes Rhona J
Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 27 Bute Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RS, UK.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Jul 22;16(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0973-1.
Regular physical activity (PA) can be beneficial to pregnant women, however, many women do not adhere to current PA guidelines during the antenatal period. Patient and public involvement is essential when designing antenatal PA interventions in order to uncover the reasons for non-adherence and non-engagement with the behaviour, as well as determining what type of intervention would be acceptable. The aim of this research was to explore women's experiences of PA during a recent pregnancy, understand the barriers and determinants of antenatal PA and explore the acceptability of antenatal walking groups for further development.
Seven focus groups were undertaken with women who had given birth within the past five years. Focus groups were transcribed and analysed using a grounded theory approach. Relevant and related behaviour change techniques (BCTs), which could be applied to future interventions, were identified using the BCT taxonomy.
Women's opinions and experiences of PA during pregnancy were categorised into biological/physical (including tiredness and morning sickness), psychological (fear of harm to baby and self-confidence) and social/environmental issues (including access to facilities). Although antenatal walking groups did not appear popular, women identified some factors which could encourage attendance (e.g. childcare provision) and some which could discourage attendance (e.g. walking being boring). It was clear that the personality of the walk leader would be extremely important in encouraging women to join a walking group and keep attending. Behaviour change technique categories identified as potential intervention components included social support and comparison of outcomes (e.g. considering pros and cons of behaviour).
Women's experiences and views provided a range of considerations for future intervention development, including provision of childcare, involvement of a fun and engaging leader and a range of activities rather than just walking. These experiences and views relate closely to the Health Action Process Model which, along with BCTs, could be used to develop future interventions. The findings of this study emphasise the importance of involving the target population in intervention development and present the theoretical foundation for building an antenatal PA intervention to encourage women to be physically active throughout their pregnancies.
规律的体育活动（PA）对孕妇有益，然而，许多女性在孕期并未遵循当前的体育活动指南。在设计产前体育活动干预措施时，患者和公众的参与至关重要，以便找出不依从和不参与该行为的原因，以及确定何种类型的干预措施是可接受的。本研究的目的是探讨女性在最近一次孕期的体育活动经历，了解产前体育活动的障碍和决定因素，并探讨产前步行小组进一步发展的可接受性。
对在过去五年内分娩的女性进行了七次焦点小组访谈。焦点小组访谈内容经转录后采用扎根理论方法进行分析。使用行为改变技术分类法确定了可应用于未来干预措施的相关及相关行为改变技术（BCTs）。
女性在孕期对体育活动的看法和经历分为生理/身体方面（包括疲劳和晨吐）、心理方面（担心对胎儿造成伤害和自信心）以及社会/环境问题（包括设施的可及性）。尽管产前步行小组似乎并不受欢迎，但女性确定了一些可能鼓励参与的因素（如提供儿童保育服务）和一些可能阻碍参与的因素（如步行很无聊）。很明显，步行小组组长的个性对于鼓励女性加入步行小组并持续参与至关重要。被确定为潜在干预组成部分的行为改变技术类别包括社会支持和结果比较（如考虑行为的利弊）。
女性的经历和观点为未来干预措施的发展提供了一系列考量因素，包括提供儿童保育服务、有一位有趣且有吸引力的组长参与以及开展一系列活动而非仅仅是步行。这些经历和观点与健康行动过程模型密切相关，该模型与行为改变技术一起可用于制定未来的干预措施。本研究结果强调了让目标人群参与干预措施制定的重要性，并为构建产前体育活动干预措施以鼓励女性在整个孕期保持身体活跃提供了理论基础。
