Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
NRW Graduate School of Chemistry , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Aug 31;64(34):6641-7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02735. Epub 2016 Aug 22.
The content of the Alternaria toxin tenuazonic acid and its isomer allo-tenuazonic acid was quantitated in urine of a German cohort (n = 48) using a newly developed and successfully validated solid phase extraction based stable isotope dilution HPLC-MS(3) method. Tenuazonic acid was detected in all of the samples and quantifiable in 97.9% of these samples in a range of 0.16-44.4 ng/mL (average = 6.58 ng/mL) or 0.07-63.8 ng/mg creatinine (average = 8.13 ng/mg creatinine). allo-Tenuazonic acid was for the first time detected in human urine (95.8% of the samples positive) and quantitated in 68.8% of the samples in a range of 0.11-5.72 ng/mL (average = 1.25 ng/mL) or 0.08-10.1 ng/mg creatinine (average = 1.52 ng/mg creatinine), representing 3.40-25.0% of the sum of both isomers (average = 12.4%). Food-frequency questionnaires were used to document food consumption of study participants to correlate mycotoxin exposure to nutritional habits. Although no statistically significant correlation between consumption of a specific food and urinary excretion of tenuazonic acid could be determined, a trend regarding elevated intake of cereal products and higher excretion of tenuazonic acid was evident. On the basis of these results, a provisional mean daily intake (PDI) for both tenuazonic acid and allo-tenuazonic acid was calculated, being 0.183 and 0.025 μg/kg body weight, respectively. A combined mean PDI for both isomers amounts to 0.208 μg/kg body weight with the highest individual PDI for one of the participants (1.582 μg/kg body weight) slightly exceeding the threshold of toxicological concern assumed for tenuazonic acid by the European Food Safety Authority of 1.500 μg/kg body weight. This is the first study to investigate the tenuazonic acid content in human urine of a larger sample cohort enabling the calculation of PDIs for tenuazonic acid and allo-tenuazonic acid.
采用一种新建立的固相萃取-同位素稀释 HPLC-MS/MS 方法对德国队列（n=48）的尿液中交链孢毒素（tenuazonic acid）及其同分异构体别交链孢毒素（allo-tenuazonic acid）的含量进行定量。所有样本中均检测到 tenuazonic acid，97.9%的样本中可定量检出，其浓度范围为 0.16-44.4ng/mL（平均值=6.58ng/mL）或 0.07-63.8ng/mg 肌酐（平均值=8.13ng/mg 肌酐）。首次在人尿液中检测到 allo-tenuazonic acid（95.8%的样本呈阳性），68.8%的样本中可定量检出，其浓度范围为 0.11-5.72ng/mL（平均值=1.25ng/mL）或 0.08-10.1ng/mg 肌酐（平均值=1.52ng/mg 肌酐），代表两种同分异构体总和的 3.40-25.0%（平均值=12.4%）。采用食物频率问卷记录研究参与者的食物消费情况，以将霉菌毒素暴露与营养习惯相关联。虽然不能确定特定食物的消费与 tenuazonic acid 的尿液排泄之间存在统计学上的显著相关性，但摄入谷物产品增加与 tenuazonic acid 排泄增加的趋势是明显的。基于这些结果，计算了 tenuazonic acid 和 allo-tenuazonic acid 的暂定每日摄入量（PDI），分别为 0.183 和 0.025μg/kg 体重。两种同分异构体的组合平均 PDI 为 0.208μg/kg 体重，其中一名参与者的个人 PDI 最高（1.582μg/kg 体重），略高于欧洲食品安全局为 tenuazonic acid 设定的毒理学关注阈值 1.500μg/kg 体重。这是第一项研究调查了更大样本队列中人类尿液中的 tenuazonic acid 含量，从而能够计算 tenuazonic acid 和 allo-tenuazonic acid 的 PDIs。
