Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Mycotoxin Res. 2017 Nov;33(4):309-321. doi: 10.1007/s12550-017-0290-1. Epub 2017 Jul 28.
Sunflower seed samples (N = 80) from different sunflower cultivars originating from different localities in South Africa were analyzed for 15 toxins produced by fungi of the genus Alternaria by means of a simple one-step extraction dilute-and-shoot HPLC-MS/MS approach. References for valine-tenuazonic acid (Val-TeA), altenusin (ALTS), and altenuisol (ALTSOH) were isolated from fungal culture extracts and spectroscopically characterized. Additionally, valine-tenuazonic acid was tested regarding its cytotoxicity in comparison with tenuazonic acid (TeA) and showed less activity on HT-29 cells. Furthermore, alternariol monomethyl ether-3-O-ß-D-glucoside (AME-3G) was produced by fermentation of alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) with the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. The seed samples were analyzed both with and without hulls. The method covers the AAL toxins TA and TA, altenuene (ALT) and iso-altenuene (iso-ALT), altenuisol, altenusin, altertoxin I (ATX-I) and altertoxin II (ATX-II), alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether, alternariol monomethyl ether-3-O-ß-D-glucoside, tenuazonic acid, allo-tenuazonic acid (allo-TeA) and valine-tenuazonic acid, and tentoxin (TEN). More than 80% of the samples were positive for one or more analytes above the respective limit of detection (0.2-23 μg/kg). Alternariol, its monomethyl ether, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid, altenuisol, and valine-tenuazonic acid were found in quantifiable amounts. The highest prevalences were found for tentoxin (73% positive, mean content 13.2 μg/kg, maximum level 130 ± 0.9 μg/kg) followed by tenuazonic acid (51% positive, mean content 630 μg/kg, maximum level 6300 ± 560 μg/kg). The obtained data were further analyzed statistically to identify quantitative or qualitative relationships between the levels of Alternaria toxin in the samples.
从南非不同地区的不同向日葵品种中采集了 80 个向日葵种子样本，采用一种简单的一步提取、稀释和喷射高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）方法分析了真菌属Alternaria 产生的 15 种毒素。从真菌培养物提取物中分离出缬氨酰- tenuazonic 酸（Val-TeA）、altenusin（ALTS）和altenuisol（ALTSOH）的参考文献，并进行了光谱表征。此外，还测试了缬氨酰- tenuazonic 酸的细胞毒性，与 tenuazonic 酸（TeA）相比，它在 HT-29 细胞中的活性较低。此外，alternariol monomethyl ether-3-O-ß-D-glucoside（AME-3G）是通过真菌 Rhizopus oryzae 发酵 alternariol monomethyl ether（AME）产生的。对带壳和不带壳的种子样本进行了分析。该方法涵盖了 AAL 毒素 TA 和 TA、altenuene（ALT）和 iso-altenuene（iso-ALT）、altenuisol、altenusin、altertoxin I（ATX-I）和 altertoxin II（ATX-II）、alternariol（AOH）和 alternariol monomethyl ether、alternariol monomethyl ether-3-O-ß-D-glucoside、tenuazonic 酸、allo-tenuazonic 酸（allo-TeA）和缬氨酰- tenuazonic 酸以及 tentoxin（TEN）。超过 80%的样本在各自的检测限（0.2-23μg/kg）之上对一种或多种分析物呈阳性。alternariol、其单甲基醚、tentoxin、tenuazonic 酸、altenuisol 和缬氨酰- tenuazonic 酸被发现存在可量化的含量。tentoxin 的检出率最高（73%呈阳性，平均含量为 13.2μg/kg，最高水平为 130±0.9μg/kg），其次是 tenuazonic 酸（51%呈阳性，平均含量为 630μg/kg，最高水平为 6300±560μg/kg）。进一步对获得的数据进行了统计学分析，以确定样品中 alternaria 毒素水平之间的定量或定性关系。
