Webb Lindsey, Stegall Sheri, Mirabile Scott, Zeman Janice, Shields Ashley, Perry-Parrish Carisa
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
Western Psychological Services, United States.
J Adolesc. 2016 Oct;52:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.06.009. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
Understanding of the role that positive emotions play in adolescent social development requires studying the normative development of these emotions. This research examined pride expression and management across adolescence, focusing on gender and developmental differences. Participants were 206 Caucasian youth (52.9% girls) in grades 5 (Mage = 11.10 years), 8 (Mage = 14.45), 11 (Mage = 17.26), and university (Mage = 19.61). Youth responded to two vignettes assessing reactions to pride-eliciting situations. Compared to boys, girls reported more intense pride experience and a higher likelihood of expressing pride. Increases across adolescence were found for self-efficacy in suppressing pride expression, and for expressing modesty in pride-eliciting situations. Older adolescents were less likely than younger adolescents to expect to receive a negative peer reaction when inhibiting pride. These results indicate the importance of gender-specific examinations of pride across adolescent development with implications for adaptive psychosocial functioning and positive psychology.
要理解积极情绪在青少年社会发展中所起的作用，需要研究这些情绪的规范发展。本研究考察了整个青春期的自豪感表达与管理，重点关注性别和发展差异。参与者为206名白人青少年（52.9%为女孩），分别来自五年级（平均年龄11.10岁）、八年级（平均年龄14.45岁）、十一年级（平均年龄17.26岁）和大学（平均年龄19.61岁）。青少年对两个描述引发自豪感情境的小插曲做出反应。与男孩相比，女孩报告的自豪感体验更强烈，表达自豪感的可能性更高。在整个青春期，抑制自豪感表达的自我效能感以及在引发自豪感的情境中表达谦虚的能力都有所增强。与青少年相比，年龄较大的青少年在抑制自豪感时，预计会受到负面同伴反应的可能性较小。这些结果表明，在青少年发展过程中对自豪感进行针对性别的考察具有重要意义，这对适应性心理社会功能和积极心理学具有启示作用。
