Wenk H
Institut für Anatomie, Bereich Medizin (Charité), Humboldt-Universität Berlin, DDR.
J Hirnforsch. 1989;30(3):281-9.
Approximately 80% of the activities of cortical cholinergic marker enzymes are restricted to afferent fibres and terminals of the magnocellular basal nucleus of Meynert (NbmM) (Wenk et al. 1980). In the evolution this nucleus strongly follows a phylogenetic gradation (Brockhaus 1942) which is positively correlated to the cerebralization, i.e. the neocortical development which an animal species has reached (Gorry 1963). Moreover, in contrast to the brain stem, in vertebrate brains of different phylogenetic levels only the telencephalon showed a clear progressive representation of cholinergic markers (Wächtler 1980, 1981). However, the increased cholinergic activity of the telencephalon in higher forms can not be ascribed to a special hemispheric component (Wächtler 1982). Using the quantitative-histochemical evaluation of the cholinergic marker enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the epithalamus (nucleus medialis habenulae) and in different cortical areas of rats during postnatal ontogenesis it is shown that (i) the cholinergic differentation in the thalamic structure seems to be already finished immediately after birth and (ii) the cholinergic synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex does not start until birth, but takes place postnatally in phylogenetic graduated cortices in temporal echeloned steps (paleo- greater than archi- greater than neocortex). These ontegenetic results correspond to the phylogenetic trends and reflect - in accordance with the biogenetic basic rule - the phylogenetic gradation in the development of the cholinergic basal nucleus of Meynert and its cortical projections shortened in ontogenesis.
大约80%的皮质胆碱能标记酶活性局限于梅纳特巨细胞基底核（NbmM）的传入纤维和终末（温克等人，1980年）。在进化过程中，这个核强烈遵循系统发育梯度（布罗克豪斯，1942年），这与脑化呈正相关，即与一个动物物种所达到的新皮质发育程度相关（戈里，1963年）。此外，与脑干不同，在不同系统发育水平的脊椎动物脑中，只有端脑显示出胆碱能标记的明显渐进性表现（韦希特勒，1980年、1981年）。然而，高等动物端脑胆碱能活性的增加不能归因于特殊的半球成分（韦希特勒，1982年）。通过对大鼠出生后个体发育过程中丘脑上部（内侧缰核）和不同皮质区域的胆碱能标记酶乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）进行定量组织化学评估，结果表明：（i）丘脑结构中的胆碱能分化似乎在出生后立即完成；（ii）大脑皮质中的胆碱能突触形成直到出生时才开始，但在出生后以系统发育梯度的皮质按时间顺序逐步发生（古皮质大于原皮质大于新皮质）。这些个体发育结果与系统发育趋势相符，并根据生物发生基本规律反映了梅纳特胆碱能基底核及其皮质投射在个体发育中缩短的系统发育梯度。
