England J C, Levengood J M, Osborn J M, Yetter A P, Kinsella J M, Cole R A, Suski C D, Hagy H M
Frank C. Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center,Forbes Biological Station,Illinois Natural History Survey,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Havana,IL 62644,USA.
Illinois Natural History Survey,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Champaign, Illinois,61820,USA.
J Helminthol. 2017 Jul;91(4):479-490. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X16000493. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
We examined the associations between intestinal helminth infracommunity structure and infection parameters and the age, size, and year and region of collection of 130 female lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) during their 2014-2015 spring migrations through the upper Midwest, USA. We identified a total of 647,174 individual helminths from 40 taxa, including 20 trematodes, 14 cestodes, 4 nematodes and 2 acanthocephalans parasitizing lesser scaup within the study area. Lesser scaup were each infected with 2-23 helminth taxa. One digenean, Plenosoma minimum, is reported for the first time in lesser scaup and in the Midwest. Mean trematode abundance and total helminth abundance was significantly less in 2015 than 2014, and we suspect that colder weather late in 2015 impacted the intermediate host fauna and caused the observed differences. Brillouin's species diversity of helminths was greatest in the northernmost region of the study area, which coincides with the range of a non-indigenous snail that indirectly causes annual mortality events of lesser scaup. While host age and size were not determined to be influential factors of helminth infracommunity structure, non-parametric ordination and permutational analysis of co-variance revealed that year and region of collection explained differences in helminth infracommunities. Our results suggest that spatiotemporal variations play an important role in the structure of intestinal helminth infracommunities found in migrating lesser scaup hosts, and may therefore impact host ability to build endogenous reserves at certain stopover locations in the Midwest.
我们研究了130只雌性小潜鸭（Aythya affinis）在2014 - 2015年春季迁徙经过美国中西部上游地区时，其肠道蠕虫群落结构与感染参数之间的关联，以及宿主的年龄、大小、采集年份和地区。我们在研究区域内共鉴定出40个分类单元的647,174条蠕虫个体，其中包括20种吸虫、14种绦虫、4种线虫和2种棘头虫，这些蠕虫寄生于小潜鸭体内。每只小潜鸭感染2 - 23个蠕虫分类单元。一种复殖吸虫，极小全殖吸虫（Plenosoma minimum），首次在小潜鸭和中西部地区被报道。2015年吸虫的平均丰度和蠕虫的总丰度显著低于2014年，我们怀疑2015年末较冷的天气影响了中间宿主动物群，导致了观察到的差异。在研究区域最北部，蠕虫的布里渊物种多样性最高，这与一种非本地蜗牛的分布范围一致，该蜗牛间接导致了小潜鸭的年度死亡事件。虽然宿主年龄和大小并非蠕虫群落结构的影响因素，但非参数排序和协方差置换分析表明，采集年份和地区解释了蠕虫群落的差异。我们的结果表明，时空变化在迁徙的小潜鸭宿主肠道蠕虫群落结构中起着重要作用，因此可能影响宿主在中西部某些中途停留地点积累内源性储备的能力。
