Sheehan K L, Hanson-Dorr K C, Dorr B S, Yarrow G K, Johnson R J
Scripps Institution of Oceanography,University of California San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive # 0218 La Jolla CA,92093USA.
US Department of Agriculture,Wildlife Services,National Wildlife Research Center,PO Box 6099,Mississippi State,MS 39762USA.
J Helminthol. 2017 Sep;91(5):561-568. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X16000675. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Here the intestinal helminth infracommunities of 218 double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from 11 locations in Alabama, Minnesota, Mississippi and Vermont are documented. Trematode infections were present in 98% of hosts; 65% of cormorants carried cestode infections, 4% were infected with acanthocephalans and 66% had nematode intestinal parasites. Parasite infracommunities of hosts collected on wintering grounds had higher richness and diversity than did birds collected on breeding grounds. Differences in parasite richness and diversity between male and female P. auritus were also detected, but not between immature and mature bird hosts. Parasite intensity did not differ by sex, maturity, or between breeding and wintering season. The most common parasite was Drepanocephalus auritus (spathans), which is recognized as a disease agent that negatively impacts the catfish aquaculture industry in the US. Echinochasmus sp. in double-crested cormorants is documented for the first time in the United States. We suggest that the differences observed among parasite infracommunities could be associated with the foraging distances travelled by P. auritus during breeding and wintering seasons, which is limited by allocation of parental care during the breeding season.
本文记录了来自阿拉巴马州、明尼苏达州、密西西比州和佛蒙特州11个地点的218只双冠鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax auritus）的肠道蠕虫群落。98%的宿主存在吸虫感染；65%的鸬鹚携带绦虫感染，4%感染棘头虫，66%有线虫肠道寄生虫。在越冬地采集的宿主的寄生虫群落比在繁殖地采集的鸟类具有更高的丰富度和多样性。还检测到雄性和雌性双冠鸬鹚在寄生虫丰富度和多样性上的差异，但未在未成熟和成熟鸟类宿主之间检测到差异。寄生虫强度在性别、成熟度或繁殖和越冬季节之间没有差异。最常见的寄生虫是耳状复殖吸虫（spathans），它被认为是一种对美国鲶鱼养殖业有负面影响的病原体。美国首次记录了双冠鸬鹚体内的棘隙吸虫属。我们认为，在寄生虫群落中观察到的差异可能与双冠鸬鹚在繁殖和越冬季节的觅食距离有关，而这在繁殖季节受到亲代抚育分配的限制。
