脊椎动物中三个不同的谷氨酸脱羧酶基因
Three Distinct Glutamate Decarboxylase Genes in Vertebrates.
作者信息
Grone Brian P, Maruska Karen P
机构信息
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 27;6:30507. doi: 10.1038/srep30507.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a widely conserved signaling molecule that in animals has been adapted as a neurotransmitter. GABA is synthesized from the amino acid glutamate by the action of glutamate decarboxylases (GADs). Two vertebrate genes, GAD1 and GAD2, encode distinct GAD proteins: GAD67 and GAD65, respectively. We have identified a third vertebrate GAD gene, GAD3. This gene is conserved in fishes as well as tetrapods. We analyzed protein sequence, gene structure, synteny, and phylogenetics to identify GAD3 as a homolog of GAD1 and GAD2. Interestingly, we found that GAD3 was lost in the hominid lineage. Because of the importance of GABA as a neurotransmitter, GAD3 may play important roles in vertebrate nervous systems.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是一种广泛保守的信号分子，在动物中已被用作神经递质。GABA由谷氨酸脱羧酶（GADs）作用于氨基酸谷氨酸合成。两个脊椎动物基因GAD1和GAD2分别编码不同的GAD蛋白：GAD67和GAD65。我们鉴定出了第三个脊椎动物GAD基因GAD3。该基因在鱼类和四足动物中都保守存在。我们分析了蛋白质序列、基因结构、同线性和系统发育，以确定GAD3是GAD1和GAD2的同源物。有趣的是，我们发现GAD3在人科谱系中丢失了。由于GABA作为神经递质的重要性，GAD3可能在脊椎动物神经系统中发挥重要作用。
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