Erlander M G, Tillakaratne N J, Feldblum S, Patel N, Tobin A J
Neuroscience Program, University of California Los Angeles 90024.
Neuron. 1991 Jul;7(1):91-100. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90077-d.
gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most widely distributed known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. GABA also serves regulatory and trophic roles in several other organs, including the pancreas. The brain contains two forms of the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which differ in molecular size, amino acid sequence, antigenicity, cellular and subcellular location, and interaction with the GAD cofactor pyridoxal phosphate. These forms, GAD65 and GAD67, derive from two genes. The distinctive properties of the two GADs provide a substrate for understanding not only the multiple roles of GABA in the nervous system, but also the autoimmune response to GAD in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是脊椎动物脑中分布最广泛的已知抑制性神经递质。GABA在包括胰腺在内的其他几个器官中也发挥调节和营养作用。大脑中含有两种形式的GABA合成酶谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD），它们在分子大小、氨基酸序列、抗原性、细胞和亚细胞定位以及与GAD辅因子磷酸吡哆醛的相互作用方面存在差异。这两种形式，即GAD65和GAD67，源自两个基因。两种GAD的独特特性不仅为理解GABA在神经系统中的多种作用提供了基础，也为理解胰岛素依赖型糖尿病中对GAD的自身免疫反应提供了基础。
