Espín Laura, Marquina Mónica, Hidalgo Vanesa, Salvador Alicia, Gómez-Amor Jesús
Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016 Nov;73:51-62. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.211. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
Generalized Social Phobia (GSP) is a common anxiety disorder that produces clear social life disruptions. There is no consensus on the specific processes involved in its development, but the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been suggested. This study analyzed the effects of the cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on the memory retrieval of pictures with different emotional valences in 45 non-treated young students with GSP and 50 non-anxious (NA) subjects (mean=19.35years, SD=0.18). No differences were found in the cortisol response of GSP and NA subjects to the TSST and control sessions. In addition, psychosocial stress impaired memory retrieval in both the GSP and NA groups, with no differences between them. Regarding the sex factor, no effects were found in the cortisol response to the TSST. However, during the encoding session, GSP men had higher cortisol levels than GSP women and NA subjects. There was also a significant interaction between sex and stress exposure on memory retrieval. Women recognized more unpleasant and neutral pictures than men; however, under stress, the women's advantage disappeared, and the men's performance improved. Sex also interacted with social phobia on positive mood, with GSP women exposed to the TSST showing the lowest positive mood. These results suggest that GSP subjects do not present an HPA axis sensitization to psychosocial stress, and they emphasize the importance of Sex in understanding stress effects on memory.
广泛性社交恐惧症（GSP）是一种常见的焦虑症，会对社交生活造成明显干扰。对于其发展所涉及的具体过程尚无共识，但下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的作用已被提及。本研究分析了45名未经治疗的GSP青年学生和50名非焦虑（NA）受试者（平均年龄=19.35岁，标准差=0.18）在面对特里尔社会应激测试（TSST）时皮质醇反应对不同情绪效价图片记忆提取的影响。GSP组和NA组受试者在TSST及对照实验中的皮质醇反应未发现差异。此外，心理社会应激损害了GSP组和NA组的记忆提取，两组之间无差异。关于性别因素，在TSST的皮质醇反应中未发现影响。然而，在编码阶段，GSP男性的皮质醇水平高于GSP女性和NA受试者。在记忆提取方面，性别与应激暴露之间也存在显著交互作用。女性识别出的不愉快和中性图片比男性多；然而，在应激状态下，女性的优势消失，男性的表现有所改善。性别在积极情绪方面也与社交恐惧症相互作用，接受TSST的GSP女性表现出最低的积极情绪。这些结果表明，GSP受试者对心理社会应激不存在HPA轴敏感化现象，并且强调了性别在理解应激对记忆影响方面的重要性。
