Mantzos Nikolaos, Hela Dimitra, Karakitsou Anastasia, Antonopoulou Maria, Konstantinou Ioannis
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 30100, Agrinio, Greece.
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, T.E.I. of Epirus, Arta, Greece.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Oct;23(20):20517-20527. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7233-9. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
The environmental fate of metazachlor herbicide was investigated under field conditions in rapeseed cultivated and uncultivated plots, over a period of 225 days. The cultivation was carried out in silty clay soil plots with two surface slopes, 1 and 5 %. The herbicide was detectable in soil up to 170 days after application (DAA), while the dissipation rate was best described by first-order kinetics and its half-life ranged between 10.92 and 12.68 days. The herbicide was detected in the soil layer of 10-20 cm from 5 to 48 DAA, and its vertical movement can be described by the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in series model. Relatively low amounts of metazachlor (less than 0.31 % of the initial applied active ingredient) were transferred by runoff water. More than 80 % of the total losses were transferred at the first runoff event (12 DAA), with herbicide concentrations in runoff water ranging between 70.14 and 79.67 μg L. Minor amounts of the herbicide (less than 0.07 % of the initial applied active ingredient) were transferred by the sediment, with a maximum concentration of 0.57 μg g (12 DAA), in plots with 5 % inclination. Finally, in rapeseed plants, metazachlor was detected only in the first sampling (28 DAA) at concentrations slightly higher than the limit of quantification; when in seeds, no residues of the herbicide were detected.
在田间条件下，对甲草胺除草剂在油菜种植地和未种植地的环境归宿进行了为期225天的研究。种植在粉质粘土土壤地块中进行，有1%和5%两个地表坡度。施药后170天内土壤中均可检测到该除草剂，其消散速率用一级动力学描述最佳，半衰期在10.92至12.68天之间。在施药后5至48天，在10 - 20厘米土层中检测到该除草剂，其垂直移动可用串联的连续搅拌釜反应器（CSTR）模型描述。径流水中转移的甲草胺量相对较低（低于初始施药活性成分的0.31%）。总损失的80%以上在第一次径流事件（施药后12天）时转移，径流水中除草剂浓度在70.14至79.67微克/升之间。沉积物转移的除草剂量较少（低于初始施药活性成分的0.07%），在坡度为5%的地块中，最大浓度为0.57微克/克（施药后12天）。最后，在油菜植株中，仅在第一次采样（施药后28天）检测到甲草胺，浓度略高于定量限；在种子中未检测到该除草剂残留。
