Maraseni Tek Narayan, Qu Jiansheng, Yue Bian, Zeng Jingjing, Maroulis Jerry
Information Center for Global Change Studies, Lanzhou Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Oct;23(20):20553-20566. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7237-5. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
China contributes 23 % of global carbon emissions, of which 26 % originate from the household sector. Due to vast variations in both climatic conditions and the affordability and accessibility of fuels, household carbon emissions (HCEs) differ significantly across China. This study compares HCEs (per person) from urban and rural regions in northern China with their counterparts in southern China. Annual macroeconomic data for the study period 2005 to 2012 were obtained from Chinese government sources, whereas the direct HCEs for different types of fossil fuels were obtained using the IPCC reference approach, and indirect HCEs were calculated by input-output analysis. Results suggest that HCEs from urban areas are higher than those from rural areas. Regardless of the regions, there is a similarity in per person HCEs in urban areas, but the rural areas of northern China had significantly higher HCEs than those from southern China. The reasons for the similarity between urban areas and differences between rural areas and the percentage share of direct and indirect HCEs from different sources are discussed. Similarly, the reasons and solutions to why decarbonising policies are working in urban areas but not in rural areas are discussed.
中国的碳排放量占全球的23%，其中26%来自家庭部门。由于气候条件以及燃料的可承受性和可获得性存在巨大差异，中国各地的家庭碳排放差异显著。本研究比较了中国北方城乡地区与南方城乡地区的人均家庭碳排放情况。2005年至2012年研究期间的年度宏观经济数据来自中国政府部门，而不同类型化石燃料的直接家庭碳排放采用政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的参考方法获取，间接家庭碳排放通过投入产出分析计算得出。结果表明，城市地区的家庭碳排放高于农村地区。无论哪个地区，城市地区的人均家庭碳排放都存在相似性，但中国北方农村地区的家庭碳排放显著高于南方农村地区。本文讨论了城市地区之间的相似性、农村地区之间的差异以及不同来源的直接和间接家庭碳排放所占百分比的原因。同样，也讨论了脱碳政策在城市地区起作用而在农村地区不起作用的原因及解决办法。
