Rangarajan Parakalan, Karthikeyan Aparna, Dheen S T
Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
Neuromolecular Med. 2016 Sep;18(3):453-64. doi: 10.1007/s12017-016-8430-x. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
Chronic neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of a number of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and is mediated by sustained activation of microglial cells, the innate immune cells of the CNS. Studies have mainly focused on identifying the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of microglial activation. This is crucial in designing therapeutic strategies for neuropathologies in which prolonged microglial activation is known to exacerbate disease condition. In recent years, increasing evidence show that naturally occurring compounds present in regular diet could function as "nutraceuticals," arresting microglial activation, and thus conferring neuroprotection. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of dietary phenolic nutraceuticals in mitigating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Studies show that these natural phenols inhibit key signaling pathways in activated microglia such as the NFκB, MAPK and JAK-STAT that trigger microglia-mediated inflammation in various neuropathological conditions such as injury, infection, stroke, autism and neurodegenerative diseases, i.e., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect exerted by these natural phenols have shown considerable success in improving disease condition in animal models of neuropathologies, and thus seem to be suitable candidates for developing therapeutic strategies.
慢性神经炎症是许多中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的病理特征，由小胶质细胞（中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞）的持续激活介导。研究主要集中在确定小胶质细胞激活的分子和表观遗传机制。这对于设计神经病理学的治疗策略至关重要，因为已知长期的小胶质细胞激活会加剧疾病状况。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，日常饮食中天然存在的化合物可以作为“营养保健品”，抑制小胶质细胞激活，从而提供神经保护作用。这篇综述总结了我们对膳食酚类营养保健品在减轻小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症中作用的理解。研究表明，这些天然酚类物质抑制激活的小胶质细胞中的关键信号通路，如NFκB、MAPK和JAK-STAT，这些信号通路在各种神经病理状况（如损伤、感染、中风、自闭症和神经退行性疾病，即阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）中触发小胶质细胞介导的炎症。这些天然酚类物质发挥的抗炎和抗氧化作用在改善神经病理动物模型的疾病状况方面已取得相当大的成功，因此似乎是开发治疗策略的合适候选物。
