Hermann Robert, Wolfsberger Tanja, Pomberger Roland, Sarc Renato
Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria
Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
Waste Manag Res. 2016 Nov;34(11):1157-1163. doi: 10.1177/0734242X16657610. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
In Austria, the first basic technological and economic examinations of mass-waste landfills with the purpose to recover secondary raw materials have been carried out by the 'LAMIS - Landfill Mining Österreich' pilot project. A main focus of its research, and the subject of this article, is the first conceptual design of a comprehensive assessment method for landfill mining plans, including not only monetary factors (like costs and proceeds) but also non-monetary ones, such as the concerns of adjoining owners or the environmental impact. Detailed reviews of references, the identification of influences and system boundaries to be included in planning landfill mining, several expert workshops and talks with landfill operators have been performed followed by a division of the whole assessment method into preliminary and main assessment. Preliminary assessment is carried out with a questionnaire to rate juridical feasibility, the risk and the expenditure of a landfill mining project. The results of this questionnaire are compiled in a portfolio chart that is used to recommend, or not, further assessment. If a detailed main assessment is recommended, defined economic criteria are rated by net present value calculations, while ecological and socio-economic criteria are examined in a utility analysis and then transferred into a utility-net present value chart. If this chart does not support making a definite statement on the feasibility of the project, the results must be further examined in a cost-effectiveness analysis. Here, the benefit of the particular landfill mining project per capital unit (utility-net present value ratio) is determined to make a final distinct statement on the general benefit of a landfill mining project.
在奥地利，“奥地利垃圾填埋场开采（LAMIS - Landfill Mining Österreich）”试点项目已针对大规模垃圾填埋场开展了首次旨在回收二次原材料的基础技术和经济评估。其研究的一个主要重点，也是本文的主题，是针对垃圾填埋场开采计划的综合评估方法进行初步概念设计，该方法不仅包括货币因素（如成本和收益），还包括非货币因素，如相邻业主的关切或环境影响。已对参考文献进行详细审查，确定规划垃圾填埋场开采时要纳入的影响因素和系统边界，举办了多次专家研讨会并与垃圾填埋场运营商进行了交流，随后将整个评估方法分为初步评估和主要评估。初步评估通过问卷调查进行，以评估垃圾填埋场开采项目的法律可行性、风险和支出。该问卷的结果汇总在一个投资组合图表中，用于建议或不建议进行进一步评估。如果建议进行详细的主要评估，则通过净现值计算对确定的经济标准进行评级，同时在效用分析中审查生态和社会经济标准，然后将其转换为效用 - 净现值图表。如果该图表无法支持就项目的可行性做出明确声明，则必须在成本效益分析中对结果进行进一步审查。在此，确定特定垃圾填埋场开采项目的人均效益（效用 - 净现值比率），以便就垃圾填埋场开采项目的总体效益做出最终明确声明。
