Johnson E H
J Natl Med Assoc. 1989 May;81(5):573-84.
Differences between black and white adolescents in the experience and expression of anger and anxiety, traditional risk factors for hypertension, and blood pressure were examined among adolescents enrolled in a health science course in Tampa, Florida. Relationships between blood pressure and anger/anxiety and traditional risk factors were also examined. Black adolescents of both genders experienced feelings of anxiety more frequently and with greater intensity than did their white counterparts. Although black and white adolescents did not differ in their ability to experience anger, blacks experienced more intense reactions in situations involving unfair criticism and time pressure. More importantly, black males and females suppressed the expression of their anger more often than did their white counterparts. The blood pressure of black adolescent males and females was found to be significantly higher than their white counterparts. Blacks were also more likely to have a family history of hypertension, but were less likely to smoke cigarettes. Racial differences on other risk factors were found only among black females who were heavier and consumed more salty junk foods than white females. Although a number of the personality and risk factor measures were significantly correlated with blood pressure, measures of suppressed anger were more strongly correlated with blood pressure for both black and white adolescents. Findings from the multiple regression analyses showed that suppressed anger was the best independent predictor of blood pressure for all groups except white females. Overall, the findings from this study demonstrate that adolescents with elevated blood pressure can be identified by emotional/psychological factors, which are predictive of high blood pressure for both blacks and whites.
在佛罗里达州坦帕市参加健康科学课程的青少年中，研究了黑人和白人青少年在愤怒和焦虑的体验与表达、高血压的传统风险因素以及血压方面的差异。还研究了血压与愤怒/焦虑以及传统风险因素之间的关系。与白人青少年相比，黑人青少年无论男女都更频繁、更强烈地体验到焦虑情绪。虽然黑人和白人青少年在体验愤怒的能力上没有差异，但在涉及不公平批评和时间压力的情况下，黑人会有更强烈的反应。更重要的是，黑人男性和女性比白人更频繁地抑制愤怒的表达。研究发现，黑人青少年男性和女性的血压显著高于白人青少年。黑人也更有可能有高血压家族史，但吸烟的可能性较小。仅在黑人女性中发现了其他风险因素的种族差异，她们比白人女性更重，食用更多高盐垃圾食品。虽然一些人格和风险因素测量与血压显著相关，但对于黑人和白人青少年来说，抑制愤怒的测量与血压的相关性更强。多元回归分析的结果表明，除白人女性外，抑制愤怒是所有群体血压的最佳独立预测因素。总体而言，这项研究的结果表明，血压升高的青少年可以通过情绪/心理因素来识别，这些因素对黑人和白人的高血压都具有预测性。
