McVary K T, Maizels M
Division of Urology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.
J Urol. 1989 Aug;142(2 Pt 2):646-51; discussion 667-8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38843-2.
To study the effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction upon the development of the kidney a fetal rabbit model was developed. A total of 27 rabbits underwent ureteral ligation in utero (24 days after conception) and 34 underwent ureteral ligation at term (30 days after conception). Two rabbits undergoing in utero ureteral ligation underwent decompression at term. Fetal development was evaluated by glomerular counts of mid sagittal sections of the kidney and compared to that of 67 normal rabbits, 43 littermates of rabbits undergoing surgery, 12 rabbits with missed ligation of the ureter and 4 whose ureters were ligated after the period of nephrogenesis had ended (57 days after conception). In the normal rabbit term occurred at 31 days after conception but nephrogenesis continued until 48 days when the cortical glomerular count reached approximately 650. Ligation of the ureter at 24 days led to a rapid decrease in cortical glomerular counts in the obstructed kidney but glomeruli developing within the nephrogenic cap were more resistant to the effects of the obstruction. Glomerular counts in the nonobstructed kidney were similar to those of littermates. Ligation of the ureter at 30 days produced similar findings. All operated fetuses and their littermates showed glomerular counts less than that of normal animals of the same age. In the 2 fetuses who underwent ureteral ligation at 24 days after conception and decompression at 30 days after conception sacrifice at 42 days after conception revealed that glomerular counts that had been reduced by 95 per cent by the obstruction showed 80 per cent recovery after decompression. It appears that renal development can be quantified by glomerular counts in the rabbit. Obstruction during fetal development reduces these counts while in a limited sample decompression of the obstructed kidney partially restores them. This model appears to be suitable for the study of the effects of fetal surgery upon renal function.
为研究单侧输尿管梗阻对肾脏发育的影响，建立了胎兔模型。共有27只兔在子宫内（受孕后24天）接受输尿管结扎，34只在足月时（受孕后30天）接受输尿管结扎。2只在子宫内接受输尿管结扎的兔在足月时进行了减压。通过对肾脏正中矢状面切片的肾小球计数评估胎儿发育情况，并与67只正常兔、43只接受手术兔的同窝仔兔、12只输尿管结扎遗漏的兔以及4只在肾发生期结束后（受孕后57天）输尿管被结扎的兔进行比较。正常兔的足月发生在受孕后31天，但肾发生持续到48天，此时皮质肾小球计数达到约650个。在24天时结扎输尿管导致梗阻侧肾脏皮质肾小球计数迅速减少，但在生肾帽内发育的肾小球对梗阻的影响更具抵抗力。未梗阻侧肾脏的肾小球计数与同窝仔兔相似。在30天时结扎输尿管产生了类似的结果。所有接受手术的胎儿及其同窝仔兔的肾小球计数均低于同龄正常动物。对2只在受孕后24天接受输尿管结扎并在受孕后30天减压、于受孕后42天处牺牲的胎儿进行检查发现，因梗阻而减少了95%的肾小球计数在减压后恢复了80%。看来兔的肾脏发育可以通过肾小球计数来量化。胎儿发育期间的梗阻会减少这些计数，而在有限的样本中，梗阻肾脏的减压可部分恢复这些计数。该模型似乎适用于研究胎儿手术对肾功能的影响。
