Becker D M, Conner H F, Waranch H R, Stillman F, Pennington L, Lees P S, Oski F
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.
JAMA. 1989 Aug 11;262(6):799-802.
We report the results of a ban on smoking in The Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Md, beginning in July 1987. A survey 6 months before and 6 months after implementation of the ban showed current smoking prevalences to be 15% and 13.8%, respectively. The percentage of smokers who smoked at work declined from 82% before the ban to 43% after the ban. After the ban, 66% of smokers and 93% of nonsmokers agreed that a hospital should be smoke free, while 43% and 83%, respectively, agreed with this statement before the ban. Systematic observations showed a decline from 53% of visitors and staff smoking in public areas 1 month before the ban to 0% smoking 6 months after the ban. Twenty-four-hour cigarette butt counts in elevator lobbies located well within the center dropped from 940 for an average day to 19 for an average day 6 months after the ban. Finally, measurement of environmental nicotine vapor showed a decline from a weekly average concentration of 13 micrograms/m3 of nicotine 1 month prior to the ban to 0.51 micrograms/m3 of nicotine 6 months after the ban in nine lobby lounges. The results suggest that a total ban on smoking in a hospital is feasible and effective in virtually eliminating public smoking.
我们报告了自1987年7月起在马里兰州巴尔的摩市约翰·霍普金斯儿童中心实施禁烟令的结果。在禁令实施前6个月和实施后6个月进行的一项调查显示，当前吸烟率分别为15%和13.8%。在工作场所吸烟的吸烟者比例从禁令实施前的82%降至禁令实施后的43%。禁令实施后，66%的吸烟者和93%的非吸烟者认为医院应该无烟，而在禁令实施前，这一比例分别为43%和83%。系统观察显示，在禁令实施前1个月，53%的访客和工作人员在公共场所吸烟，而在禁令实施6个月后，这一比例降至0%。在位于中心内部的电梯大厅进行的24小时烟头计数显示，禁令实施前平均每天有940个烟头，禁令实施6个月后平均每天有19个烟头。最后，对环境尼古丁蒸气的测量显示，在九个大堂休息区，尼古丁的每周平均浓度从禁令实施前1个月的13微克/立方米降至禁令实施6个月后的0.51微克/立方米。结果表明，在医院全面禁烟在几乎消除公共场所吸烟方面是可行且有效的。
