Giordano James
Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4000 Reservoir Road, Bldg. D, Rm. 238, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4000 Reservoir Road, Bldg. D, Rm. 238, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Exp Neurol. 2017 Jan;287(Pt 4):492-495. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.016. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
Research in neuroscience and neurotechnology (neuroS/T) is progressing at a rapid pace with translational applications both in medicine, and more widely in the social milieu. Current and projected neuroS/T research and its applications evoke a number of neuroethicolegal and social issues (NELSI). This paper defines inherent and derivative NELSI of current and near-term neuroS/T development and engagement, and provides an overview of our group's ongoing work to develop a systematized approach to their address. Our proposed operational neuroethical risk assessment and mitigation paradigm (ONRAMP) is presented, which entails querying, framing, and modeling patterns and trajectories of neuroS/T research and translational uses, and the NELSI generated by such advancements and their applications. Extant ethical methods are addressed, with suggestion toward possible revision or re-formulation to meet the needs and exigencies fostered by neuroS/T and resultant NELSI in multi-cultural contexts. The relevance and importance of multi-disciplinary expertise in focusing upon NELSI is discussed, and the need for neuroethics education toward cultivating such a cadre of expertise is emphasized.
神经科学与神经技术（neuroS/T）研究正在迅速发展，其转化应用不仅体现在医学领域，还更广泛地应用于社会环境中。当前和预计的神经科学与神经技术研究及其应用引发了一系列神经伦理法律和社会问题（NELSI）。本文定义了当前和近期神经科学与神经技术发展及应用中固有的和衍生的NELSI，并概述了我们团队为制定系统化应对方法而正在进行的工作。我们提出了操作性神经伦理风险评估与缓解范式（ONRAMP），该范式需要对神经科学与神经技术研究及转化应用的模式和轨迹，以及此类进展及其应用所产生的NELSI进行查询、构建框架和建模。文中探讨了现有的伦理方法，并建议可能需要进行修订或重新制定，以满足神经科学与神经技术以及由此产生的多文化背景下的NELSI所带来的需求和紧急情况。讨论了多学科专业知识在关注NELSI方面的相关性和重要性，并强调了开展神经伦理教育以培养此类专业人才队伍的必要性。
