Lu Chia-Chen, Hsu Ya-Jing, Chang Chih-Jung, Lin Chuan-Sheng, Martel Jan, Ojcius David M, Ko Yun-Fei, Lai Hsin-Chih, Young John D
Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Innate Immun. 2016 Oct;22(7):522-33. doi: 10.1177/1753425916661402. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Medicinal mushrooms have been used for centuries in Asian countries owing to their beneficial effects on health and longevity. Previous studies have reported that a single medicinal mushroom may produce both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on immune cells, depending on conditions, but the factors responsible for this apparent dichotomy remain obscure. We show here that water and ethanol extracts of cultured mycelium from various species (Agaricus blazei Murrill, Antrodia cinnamomea, Ganoderma lucidum and Hirsutella sinensis) produce opposite effects on NK cells. Water extracts enhance NK cell cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, whereas ethanol extracts inhibit cytotoxicity. Water extracts stimulate the expression and production of cytolytic proteins (perforin and granulysin) and NKG2D/NCR cell surface receptors, and activate intracellular signaling kinases (ERK, JNK and p38). In contrast, ethanol extracts inhibit expression of cytolytic and cell surface receptors. Our results suggest that the mode of extraction of medicinal mushrooms may determine the nature of the immunomodulatory effects produced on immune cells, presumably owing to the differential solubility of stimulatory and inhibitory mediators. These findings have important implications for the preparation of medicinal mushrooms to prevent and treat human diseases.
几个世纪以来，药用蘑菇在亚洲国家一直被使用，因为它们对健康和长寿有益。先前的研究报道，单一的药用蘑菇根据条件不同，可能对免疫细胞产生刺激和抑制两种作用，但造成这种明显二分法的因素仍不清楚。我们在此表明，来自不同物种（姬松茸、樟芝、灵芝和中华被毛孢）培养菌丝体的水提取物和乙醇提取物对自然杀伤（NK）细胞产生相反的作用。水提取物增强NK细胞对癌细胞的细胞毒性活性，而乙醇提取物则抑制细胞毒性。水提取物刺激溶细胞蛋白（穿孔素和颗粒溶素）以及NKG2D/NCR细胞表面受体的表达和产生，并激活细胞内信号激酶（ERK、JNK和p38）。相反，乙醇提取物抑制溶细胞和细胞表面受体的表达。我们的结果表明，药用蘑菇的提取方式可能决定了对免疫细胞产生的免疫调节作用的性质，这可能是由于刺激和抑制介质的溶解性不同所致。这些发现对制备用于预防和治疗人类疾病的药用蘑菇具有重要意义。
