Encinas de la Iglesia J, Corral de la Calle M A, Fernández Pérez G C, Ruano Pérez R, Álvarez Delgado A
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, Ávila, España.
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, Ávila, España.
Radiologia. 2016 Sep-Oct;58(5):352-65. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2016.06.004. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
Cancer of the esophagus is a tumor with aggressive behavior that is usually diagnosed in advanced stages. The absence of serosa allows it to spread quickly to neighboring mediastinal structures, and an extensive lymphatic drainage network facilitates tumor spread even in early stages. The current TNM classification, harmonized with the classification for gastric cancer, provides new definitions for the anatomic classification, adds non-anatomic characteristics of the tumor, and includes tumors of the gastroesophageal junction. Combining endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging provides greater accuracy in determining the initial clinical stage, and these imaging techniques play an essential role in the selection, planning, and evaluation of treatment. In this article, we review some particularities that explain the behavior of this tumor and we describe the current TNM staging system; furthermore, we discuss the different imaging tests available for its evaluation and include a diagnostic algorithm.
食管癌是一种具有侵袭性的肿瘤，通常在晚期才被诊断出来。由于缺乏浆膜层，它能够迅速扩散到邻近的纵隔结构，而广泛的淋巴引流网络即使在早期也有利于肿瘤扩散。目前与胃癌分类相统一的TNM分类，为解剖学分类提供了新定义，增加了肿瘤的非解剖学特征，并纳入了胃食管交界部肿瘤。结合内镜超声、计算机断层扫描、正电子发射断层扫描和磁共振成像，在确定初始临床分期方面具有更高的准确性，这些成像技术在治疗的选择、规划和评估中发挥着重要作用。在本文中，我们回顾了一些解释该肿瘤行为的特殊性，并描述了当前的TNM分期系统；此外，我们讨论了可用于其评估的不同影像学检查，并纳入了一种诊断算法。
