Song Jun, Zou Shu Rong, Guo Chang Yi, Zang Jia Jie, Zhu Zhen Ni, Mi Ming, Huang Cui Hua, Yu Hui Ting, Lu Xi, Ruan Ye, Wu Fan
Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
Department of Food Hygiene & Food-Borne Disease Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2016 Jun;29(6):398-407. doi: 10.3967/bes2016.052.
This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations (UICs) after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) levels were measured for each individual subject.
The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs (P=0.0035, P=0.0068). The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs (P=0.0164, P=0.0127). The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L.
The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was <140 μg/L and >400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.
本研究旨在评估区域经济快速增长和生活方式改变后甲状腺结节（TNs）的患病率及其与尿碘浓度（UICs）的关系。
对15 - 69岁的普通人群进行横断面调查。发放了一份关于一般和个人特征及相关信息的问卷。对甲状腺进行超声检查，并测量每个研究对象的血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、四碘甲状腺原氨酸（T4）、血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT4）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）水平。
总体人群、女性和男性的TNs患病率分别为27.76%、34.04%和21.60%。多发结节的患病率随年龄增加而升高，而男女患病率峰值有所不同。总体人群和无TNs的女性的尿碘中位数高于有TNs的人群（P = 0.0035，P = 0.0068）。单个TNs患者的尿碘中位数高于多个TNs患者（P = 0.0164，P = 0.0127）。结果显示尿碘与TNs患病率之间呈U形曲线关系。当尿碘浓度为140 - 400μg/L时，TNs患病率最低。
TNs患病率近30%，且随年龄增加而升高。尿碘与TNs患病率之间的关系呈U形，当尿碘浓度<140μg/L和>400μg/L时风险增加。极低或极高的尿碘水平需要引起关注并加以纠正。
