Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Sep;199(9):3181-3189. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02442-y. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
The aim of this study was to determine the iodine nutritional status and the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules (TNs) in the adult population of Heilongjiang Province. From December 2017 to December 2018, a total of 3661 adults aged 20-70 years were selected through probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling for a cross-sectional survey. During the field epidemiological investigation, each participant received a questionnaire survey and thyroid ultrasonography examination. The iodine concentrations in casual urine specimens and household edible salt were measured. The household coverage of iodized salt was 86.56%. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in the adult population in Heilongjiang Province was 161.57 μg/L (25th-75th percentile: 100.35-245.15 μg/L). The prevalence of TNs was 36.88%, and the prevalence in females was significantly higher than that in males (41.25% vs 32.50%, χ = 11.841, P < 0.01). The prevalence of TNs increased with age (χ = 49.80, P < 0.001). The prevalence of multiple TNs increased with age (χ = 48.709, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the MUIC between healthy control group and those with TNs (Z = - 1.386, P = 0.166). The female, age (40-49 age group, 50-59 age group, 60-70 age group), BMI (obesity, overweight), history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and smoking history were all independent risk factors that affected the occurrence of TNs. The iodine nutritional status of the adult population in Heilongjiang Province was adequate. The prevalence of TNs was higher in middle-aged and elderly women, so these individuals should be the focus of the prevention and treatment of thyroid nodule disease.
本研究旨在确定黑龙江省成年人群的碘营养状况和甲状腺结节 (TNs) 的流行病学特征。2017 年 12 月至 2018 年 12 月，采用概率比例规模 (PPS) 抽样方法对 3661 名 20-70 岁成年人进行横断面调查。在现场流行病学调查期间，每位参与者接受问卷调查和甲状腺超声检查。测量了随机尿样和家庭食用盐中的碘浓度。碘盐家庭覆盖率为 86.56%。黑龙江省成年人群的中位数尿碘浓度 (MUIC) 为 161.57μg/L（25 百分位数-75 百分位数：100.35-245.15μg/L）。TNs 的患病率为 36.88%，女性患病率明显高于男性（41.25%比 32.50%，χ=11.841，P<0.01）。TNs 的患病率随年龄增长而增加（χ=49.80，P<0.001）。多发性 TNs 的患病率随年龄增长而增加（χ=48.709，P<0.001）。健康对照组和 TNs 组的 MUIC 无显著差异（Z=-1.386，P=0.166）。女性、年龄（40-49 岁组、50-59 岁组、60-70 岁组）、BMI（肥胖、超重）、高血压病史、糖尿病病史和吸烟史是影响 TNs 发生的独立危险因素。黑龙江省成年人群的碘营养状况充足。中年和老年女性的 TNs 患病率较高，因此这些人群应成为甲状腺结节病防治的重点。
