Hochfelder Jillian Leigh, Ponda Punita
Division of Allergy and Immunology, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
Immunotargets Ther. 2013 Jul 22;2:61-71. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S31467. eCollection 2013.
Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and allergic asthma have been steadily increasing in prevalence in recent years. These allergic diseases have a major impact on quality of life and are a major economic burden in the US. Although allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy are currently the mainstays of therapy, they are not always successful in treating patients' symptoms effectively. If a patient fails allergen avoidance and medical therapy, immunotherapy may be indicated. Furthermore, immunotherapy is the only therapy that may change the course of the disease and induce long-term remission. Though subcutaneous administration has been the standard route for immunotherapy for many decades, there are several other routes of administration that have been and are currently being studied. The goal of utilizing alternative routes of immunotherapy is to improve safety without decreasing the efficacy of treatment. This paper will review the novel routes of immunotherapy, including sublingual, oral, local nasal, epicutaneous, and intralymphatic.
近年来，过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎和过敏性哮喘的患病率一直在稳步上升。这些过敏性疾病对生活质量有重大影响，并且在美国是一项主要的经济负担。尽管目前避免接触过敏原和药物治疗是主要的治疗方法，但它们在有效治疗患者症状方面并不总是成功的。如果患者在避免接触过敏原和药物治疗方面失败，可能需要进行免疫治疗。此外，免疫治疗是唯一可能改变疾病进程并诱导长期缓解的治疗方法。尽管皮下注射几十年来一直是免疫治疗的标准途径，但还有其他几种给药途径过去和现在都在研究中。使用替代免疫治疗途径的目标是在不降低治疗效果的情况下提高安全性。本文将综述免疫治疗的新途径，包括舌下、口服、局部鼻腔、经皮和淋巴管内注射。
