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卟啉染料修饰的生物聚合壳聚糖薄膜用于癌症的局部光动力治疗。

Porphyrin dye into biopolymeric chitosan films for localized photodynamic therapy of cancer.

机构信息

Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.

Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.

出版信息

Carbohydr Polym. 2016 Oct 20;151:160-171. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.060. Epub 2016 May 19.

Abstract

Porphyrins and some of its derivatives are well known and widely used as photosensitizers (PSs) for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer (PDT). The present study regards the characterization and evaluation of a synthesized asymmetric porphyrin dye in solution to be used as PS for PDT. This molecule was also incorporated into biopolymeric films composed by chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin in order to overtake some of the disadvantages inherent to the PS, but more important, to evaluate the potential of a system composed by the porphyrin/biopolymer to be applied as localized therapeutic agents. FTIR spectroscopy showed a strong interaction between the polymers involved in the preparation of the films under study: film 1: chitosan, film 2: chitosan/PEG and film 3: chitosan/gelatin. Photochemical studies were performed for the dye in solution and into the three different biopolymeric films. Ground state absorption showed the characteristic bands of these kinds of dyes in solution and also incorporated into the films. The films composed by porphyrin/chitosan and porphyrin into chitosan/gelatin, revealed the presence of non-emissive aggregates exhibiting a strong quenching effect in the fluorescence intensity, quantum yields and lifetimes. In this way, the system composed by the porphyrin incorporated into the chitosan/PEG film presents the best fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime. The transient absorption spectra were obtained for all the systems indicating the formation of an excited triplet state of the porphyrins following excitation, which takes special importance in the generation of phototoxic species namely singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen quantum yields were also determined and the results obtained were very promising for the dye in solution but also for the dye into the different substrates. The release of the dye from the three different films onto a buffer solution was evaluated and we conclude that after a few days the dye was completely released by the substrates in acidic conditions. Confocal microscopy was used for the determination of the intracellular localization of the compound under study onto HeLa cells (human cervical cancer cells line). The evaluation of the PSs anticancer activity assumes special importance for PDT studies. The system should be less toxic in the dark and more active when irradiated, therefore, toxicity in the dark and phototoxicity studies onto HeLa cells were performed.

摘要

卟啉及其衍生物作为光敏剂(PSs)广泛应用于癌症的光动力疗法(PDT)。本研究旨在对合成的不对称卟啉染料在溶液中的特性和评估,以用作 PDT 的 PS。该分子还被掺入由壳聚糖、聚乙二醇(PEG)和明胶组成的生物聚合物薄膜中,以克服 PS 固有的一些缺点,但更重要的是,评估由卟啉/生物聚合物组成的系统作为局部治疗剂的应用潜力。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)显示,在所研究的薄膜制备过程中涉及的聚合物之间存在强烈的相互作用:薄膜 1:壳聚糖,薄膜 2:壳聚糖/PEG 和薄膜 3:壳聚糖/明胶。对染料在溶液中和三种不同的生物聚合物薄膜中的光化学进行了研究。基态吸收显示了这些类型的染料在溶液中和也被掺入薄膜中的特征带。由卟啉/壳聚糖和卟啉/壳聚糖/明胶组成的薄膜,显示出存在非发射性聚集体,表现出对荧光强度、量子产率和寿命的强烈猝灭效应。通过这种方式,由卟啉掺入壳聚糖/PEG 薄膜组成的系统具有最佳的荧光量子产率和寿命。获得了所有系统的瞬态吸收光谱,表明在激发后卟啉形成了激发三重态,这在生成光毒性物质(即单线态氧)方面特别重要。还测定了单线态氧量子产率,结果表明该染料在溶液中和不同基质中的结果非常有前途。评估了三种不同薄膜中的染料在缓冲溶液中的释放,我们得出结论,几天后,在酸性条件下,染料完全被基质释放。共聚焦显微镜用于测定研究化合物在 HeLa 细胞(人宫颈癌细胞系)中的细胞内定位。PSs 抗癌活性的评估对于 PDT 研究具有特殊重要性。该系统在黑暗中应毒性较小,在光照下更活跃,因此,对 HeLa 细胞进行了黑暗毒性和光毒性研究。

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