University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Nov;49:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
In the context of clinical anxiety, safety behaviors are actions performed to prevent, escape, or minimize feared catastrophes and/or associated distress. Research consistently implicates safety behaviors in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders; accordingly, safety behaviors are traditionally eliminated during exposure treatments for pathological anxiety. The notion that safety behaviors are ubiquitously deleterious in the context of exposure has recently been challenged, yet findings regarding safety behaviors' effects on exposure outcomes are limited, mixed, and controversial. Furthermore, developments in explanatory models for exposure's effectiveness (e.g., inhibitory learning theory) highlight other possible consequences of safety behaviors performed during exposure. Unfortunately, these theoretical advances are neglected in experimental research. The present review critically examines the literature addressing the role of safety behaviors in exposure therapy from an inhibitory learning perspective. Limitations, future directions, and clinical recommendations are also discussed.
在临床焦虑的背景下，安全行为是为了预防、逃避或最小化恐惧灾难和/或相关痛苦而采取的行动。研究一致表明，安全行为在焦虑障碍的发展和维持中起着作用；因此，在针对病理性焦虑的暴露治疗中，传统上会消除安全行为。最近，人们对暴露环境中安全行为普遍有害的观点提出了质疑，但关于安全行为对暴露结果影响的研究结果有限、不一致且存在争议。此外，对暴露有效性的解释模型的发展（例如，抑制性学习理论）强调了在暴露过程中进行安全行为可能产生的其他后果。不幸的是，这些理论上的进展在实验研究中被忽视了。本综述从抑制性学习的角度批判性地检查了关于安全行为在暴露疗法中的作用的文献。还讨论了局限性、未来方向和临床建议。
