Leung C Y, Zhu M, Zernicka-Goetz M
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2016;120:203-34. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.008. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
Establishing polarity is a fundamental part of embryogenesis and can be traced back to the earliest developmental stages. It can be achieved in one of two ways: through the preexisting polarization of germ cells before fertilization or via symmetry breaking after fertilization. In mammals, it seems to be the latter, and we will discuss the various cytological and molecular events that lead up to this event, its mechanisms and the consequences. In mammals, the first polarization event occurs in the preimplantation period, when the embryo is but a cluster of cells, free-floating in the oviduct. This provides a unique, autonomous system to study the de novo polarization that is essential to life. In this review, we will cover modern and past studies on the polarization of the early embryo, using the mouse as a model system, as well as hypothesizing the potential implications and functions of the biological events involved.
建立极性是胚胎发育的一个基本部分，可以追溯到最早的发育阶段。它可以通过两种方式之一实现：通过受精前生殖细胞预先存在的极化，或通过受精后的对称性破坏。在哺乳动物中，似乎是后者，我们将讨论导致这一事件的各种细胞学和分子事件、其机制及后果。在哺乳动物中，第一次极化事件发生在植入前阶段，此时胚胎只是一群细胞，自由漂浮在输卵管中。这提供了一个独特的自主系统来研究对生命至关重要的从头极化。在这篇综述中，我们将以小鼠为模型系统，涵盖关于早期胚胎极化的现代和过去的研究，同时推测所涉及的生物学事件的潜在影响和功能。
