Villa Alessandro, Sonis Stephen T
a Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.
b Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity , Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016 Sep;17(13):1801-7. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1217993. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
Oral mucositis is a frequent and devastating toxicity secondary to cancer treatment, which may affect 20-40% of patients receiving conventional chemotherapy and 60-85% of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pathobiology of mucositis includes a complex cascade of biologic events in which pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS, second messengers, and the oral microbiome contribute to tissue damage of the oral mucosa. Management strategies to oral mucositis secondary to chemotherapy include preventative measures and therapeutic approaches.
A literature search of published animal and clinical studies was perform to review the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment options for cancer regimen-induced mucositis. We also discuss new data coming from recent pertinent clinical trials.
Mucositis is one of the most common debilitating toxicities secondary to cancer treatment and can adversely affect patients' quality of life. Epidemiological data for mucositis are often under-reported. Research efforts have shown that genetics plays a major role in the development of this toxicity. Although few therapeutic agents are available, several promising drugs are under investigations.
口腔黏膜炎是癌症治疗继发的一种常见且具有破坏性的毒性反应，接受传统化疗的患者中20%-40%可能受其影响，接受造血干细胞移植的患者中60%-85%会受到影响。黏膜炎的病理生物学包括一系列复杂的生物学事件，其中促炎细胞因子、活性氧、第二信使和口腔微生物群均会导致口腔黏膜组织损伤。化疗继发口腔黏膜炎的管理策略包括预防措施和治疗方法。
对已发表的动物和临床研究进行文献检索，以回顾癌症治疗方案所致黏膜炎的流行病学、病理生理学和治疗选择。我们还讨论了近期相关临床试验的新数据。
黏膜炎是癌症治疗继发的最常见的使人衰弱的毒性反应之一，会对患者的生活质量产生不利影响。黏膜炎的流行病学数据往往报告不足。研究表明，遗传学在这种毒性反应的发生中起主要作用。虽然可用的治疗药物很少，但有几种有前景的药物正在研究中。
