Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, 4350 Australia.
Water Res. 2016 Oct 1;102:594-606. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.059. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
This study investigated the behaviour and characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) in two anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs): MBRcontrol and MBRpharma, for treating municipal wastewater. Both protein and polysaccharides measured exhibited higher concentrations in the MBRpharma than the MBRcontrol. Molecular weight (MW) distribution analysis revealed that the presence of pharmaceuticals enhanced the accumulation of SMPs with macro- (13,091 kDa and 1587 kDa) and intermediate-MW (189 kDa) compounds in the anoxic MBRpharma, while a substantial decrease was observed in both MBR effluents. Excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence contours indicated that the exposure to pharmaceuticals seemed to stimulate the production of aromatic proteins containing tyrosine (10.1-32.6%) and tryptophan (14.7-43.1%), compared to MBRcontrol (9.9-29.1% for tyrosine; 11.8-42.5% for tryptophan). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed aromatics, long-chain alkanes and esters were the predominant SMPs in the MBRs. More peaks were present in the aerobic MBRpharma (196) than anoxic MBRpharma (133). The SMPs identified exhibited both biodegradability and recalcitrance in the MBR treatment processes. Only 8 compounds in the MBRpharma were the same as in the MBRcontrol. Alkanes were the most dominant SMPs (51%) in the MBRcontrol, while aromatics were dominant (40%) in the MBRpharma. A significant decrease in aromatics (from 16 to 7) in the MBRpharma permeate was observed, compared to the aerobic MBRpharma. Approximately 21% of compounds in the aerobic MBRcontrol were rejected by membrane filtration, while this increased to 28% in the MBRpharma.
本研究考察了两种缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器（MBR）中可溶微生物产物（SMP）的行为和特性：MBRcontrol 和 MBRpharma，用于处理城市废水。在 MBRpharma 中，测量到的蛋白质和多糖浓度均高于 MBRcontrol。分子量（MW）分布分析表明，药物的存在促进了 SMP 的积累，在缺氧 MBRpharma 中存在大分子量（13091 kDa 和 1587 kDa）和中等分子量（189 kDa）化合物，而在两种 MBR 流出物中均观察到大量减少。激发发射矩阵（EEM）荧光轮廓表明，与 MBRcontrol 相比，药物暴露似乎刺激了含有酪氨酸（10.1-32.6%）和色氨酸（14.7-43.1%）的芳香族蛋白质的产生，而 MBRcontrol 中分别为 9.9-29.1%的酪氨酸和 11.8-42.5%的色氨酸。气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析表明，芳香族化合物、长链烷烃和酯类是 MBR 中主要的 SMPs。在好氧 MBRpharma 中存在更多的峰（196 个），而缺氧 MBRpharma 中存在较少的峰（133 个）。在 MBR 处理过程中，鉴定出的 SMPs 既具有生物降解性又具有抗降解性。在 MBRpharma 中只有 8 种化合物与 MBRcontrol 相同。烷烃是 MBRcontrol 中最主要的 SMPs（51%），而在 MBRpharma 中芳香族化合物是主要的（40%）。与好氧 MBRpharma 相比，在 MBRpharma 渗透物中观察到芳香族化合物显著减少（从 16 减少到 7）。在好氧 MBRcontrol 中，约有 21%的化合物被膜过滤截留，而在 MBRpharma 中这一比例增加到 28%。
