Kondo Makoto
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Anat Sci Int. 2017 Jan;92(1):1-17. doi: 10.1007/s12565-016-0358-6. Epub 2016 Aug 2.
Experiences and environments have a variety of effects on brain plasticity at levels ranging from the molecular and cellular to the behavioral. Brain plasticity is one of the most important characteristics of animal survival. In particular, environmental enrichment and exercise induce many structural and functional changes in the brain, and it is noteworthy that these changes result in further beneficial effects at behavioral levels, such as improved learning behavior and antidepressant effects. The effects of enrichment and exercise, and the mechanisms involved in both, provide crucial evidence for the prevention and treatment of brain disorders. However, the enriched environment- and exercise-induced mechanisms underlying the structural and behavioral effects in the brain remain poorly understood. In this review I discuss the molecular mechanisms of environment- and experience-dependent brain plasticity based on the results of studies carried out by our research group at the Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University. This review consists of three parts: first, a description of a role for the motor protein KIF1A in enhanced synaptogenesis and memory function induced by environmental enrichment; second, a discussion of the function of the 5-HT receptor in hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral changes induced by exercise; third, a discussion of the role of the 5-HT receptor in fear extinction.
从分子和细胞水平到行为水平，经历和环境对大脑可塑性有着各种各样的影响。大脑可塑性是动物生存的最重要特征之一。特别是，环境丰富化和运动能在大脑中引发许多结构和功能变化，值得注意的是，这些变化在行为层面会产生进一步的有益影响，比如改善学习行为和产生抗抑郁作用。环境丰富化和运动的影响以及二者涉及的机制，为脑部疾病的预防和治疗提供了关键证据。然而，大脑中环境丰富化和运动诱导的结构及行为影响背后的机制仍知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我将基于大阪大学神经科学与细胞生物学系我们研究小组开展的研究结果，探讨环境和经验依赖性大脑可塑性的分子机制。这篇综述包括三个部分：第一，描述运动蛋白KIF1A在环境丰富化诱导的突触形成增强和记忆功能中的作用；第二，讨论5-羟色胺受体在运动诱导的海马神经发生和行为变化中的功能；第三，讨论5-羟色胺受体在恐惧消退中的作用。
