Perini S, Brunetti M, Parnetti L, De Medio G E, Trovarelli G, Banfi S, Dorigotti L, Gaiti A
Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy.
Pharmacol Res. 1989 May-Jun;21(3):313-23. doi: 10.1016/s1043-6618(89)80009-x.
It has been previously demonstrated that spontaneously hypertensive adult rats (SHR) develop severe hypertension and cerebrovascular lesions on drinking 1% NaCl from weaning and that the phospholipid metabolism in the whole brain is actively altered in these lesioned animals (SHR-NaCl) as compared to SHRs which drink only water and show only sporadic cerebrovascular lesions. We have now assayed the incorporation of labelled choline, ethanolamine, glycerol and arachidonic acid into the phospholipids from the cortex and hippocampus of SHR-water and SHR-NaCl at different time intervals from injection into the lateral ventricle of the brain. A noticeable decrease of both choline and arachidonate specific activity (SA) in the phospholipids was found in the cortex and hippocampus (where the effect is most evident) from SHR-NaCl. Based on the literature and the data obtained, we suggest that in SHR-NaCl brain areas a release of choline and fatty acid also occurs from choline glycerophospholipids as a consequence of the cerebrovascular lesions caused by NaCl treatment. Even if a relatively minor loss of the amount of the lipids studied is evident from our results as compared to their entire pool, this change may be quite important if it causes a modification of the lipidic bilayer in excitable membranes. In a parallel group of SHR-NaCl animals, treated with the nootropic drug oxiracetam, we observed that the metabolic utilization of the precursors was completely restored. These experimental data favour the hypothesis that oxiracetam is effective in stimulating the phospholipid metabolism rate at levels even higher than those of the SHR-water animals.
先前的研究表明，自发性高血压成年大鼠（SHR）从断奶开始饮用1%氯化钠后会出现严重高血压和脑血管病变，与只饮水且仅偶发脑血管病变的SHR相比，这些病变动物（SHR-NaCl）全脑的磷脂代谢会发生积极改变。我们现在测定了在不同时间间隔下，从向脑侧脑室注射标记的胆碱、乙醇胺、甘油和花生四烯酸后，SHR-水组和SHR-NaCl组大鼠皮层和海马体磷脂中的掺入情况。在SHR-NaCl组大鼠的皮层和海马体（此处效应最为明显）中，发现磷脂中的胆碱和花生四烯酸比活性（SA）均显著降低。基于文献和所获得的数据，我们认为在SHR-NaCl组大鼠的脑区中，由于氯化钠处理导致的脑血管病变，胆碱甘油磷脂也会释放胆碱和脂肪酸。即使从我们的结果来看，与整个脂质池相比，所研究脂质的量损失相对较小，但如果这种变化导致可兴奋膜脂质双层的改变，可能会相当重要。在另一组用益智药奥拉西坦治疗的SHR-NaCl动物中，我们观察到前体物质的代谢利用完全恢复。这些实验数据支持了这样一种假设，即奥拉西坦在刺激磷脂代谢率方面甚至比SHR-水组动物更有效。
