Reid Gail E, Lynch Joseph P, Weigt Samuel, Sayah David, Belperio John A, Grim Shellee A, Clark Nina M
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois.
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Aug;37(4):603-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1584793. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
Among immunocompromised individuals, members of the human Herpesviridae family are frequently encountered pathogens. Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6, -7, and -8 all establish latency after infection and can reactivate during periods of immunosuppression, leading to both direct and indirect adverse effects on the host including severe organ dysfunction as well as allograft rejection and loss after transplantation. While not all herpesviruses are primary respiratory pathogens, many of their manifestations include involvement of the respiratory tract. This article discusses the individual viruses, their epidemiology, and clinical manifestations as well as recommended treatment and preventive strategies.
在免疫功能低下的个体中，人类疱疹病毒科成员是常见的病原体。巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒1型和2型、水痘带状疱疹病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒以及人类疱疹病毒6型、7型和8型在感染后都会建立潜伏状态，并可在免疫抑制期间重新激活，对宿主产生直接和间接的不良影响，包括严重的器官功能障碍以及移植后的同种异体移植排斥和丧失。虽然并非所有疱疹病毒都是原发性呼吸道病原体，但其许多表现都包括呼吸道受累。本文讨论了这些病毒个体、它们的流行病学、临床表现以及推荐的治疗和预防策略。
