Walker Garth Nyambi, McLone Suzanne, Mason Maryann, Sheehan Karen
From the University of Chicago-Section of Emergency Medicine (G.N.W.), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (S.M., M.M., K.S.), Chicago, Illinois.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Oct;81(4 Suppl 1):S48-53. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001176.
The United States reports the highest levels of firearm homicide incidences compared to other high income countries, and the focus and causes of these incidences within the US differ by demographic characteristics and location such as urban versus rural environment. Despite these findings, few studies have published on rates varied by region within a city.
This study aims to provide descriptive analysis of the rates of firearm homicide by age, sex, and race/ethnicity in each of the seven City of Chicago regions, and to determine if the rates of firearm homicide differ by demographics among the seven City of Chicago regions.
The Illinois Violent Death Reporting System conducts routine surveillance of violent deaths. Decedents were selected according to the following criteria: manner of death was homicide, weapon type was firearm, and location of injury that led to death was the City of Chicago. Location of injury was broken down by regions: North, Northwest, Center, West, South, Southwest, and Far South. Multiyear rates per 100,000 and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
There were 2,254 victims of homicide by firearm in the City of Chicago. The overall rate across Chicago for all demographics was 12.9 (12.1-13.5 per 100,000) with an average age of 27.4. The highest age group (20-24) for firearm homicide rates was 43.2 (39.7-46.7) per 100,000. For the youngest age group (10-14), only the Southwest (3.3-10.4) region reported any firearm incidence. The 20 to 24 age group reported the highest rates of all age groups within the South (107.9-151.7), West (80.3-108.2), and Far South (69.6-105.3) regions, whereas the North and Northwest reported the lowest rates for all regions by age. Black firearm homicide rates were 33.5 (31.9-35.1) per 100,000 versus Hispanic and non-Hispanic white firearm homicide rates of 8.5 (7.7-9.3) and 1.2 (1-1.5) per 100,000, respectively. Lastly, the West reported the highest firearm rates at 29.1 (657).
In conclusion, Chicago is a large city that has high variation in firearm homicide rates among its constituent regions; therefore, an overall firearm homicide rate for the city of Chicago as a whole is not an accurate representation of the true nature of firearm homicides. Policy implementation may be made more effective by providing more regional analysis and targeted interventions via multipronged initiatives to help reduce future firearm rates, and funding for issues that address systemic poverty and adequate access to care and medical facilities.
Epidemiologic study, level IV.
与其他高收入国家相比，美国的枪支杀人发生率最高，且美国国内这些发生率的重点和原因因人口特征和地点（如城市与农村环境）而异。尽管有这些发现，但很少有研究发表关于城市内不同区域发生率差异的内容。
本研究旨在对芝加哥市七个区域中每个区域按年龄、性别和种族/族裔划分的枪支杀人发生率进行描述性分析，并确定芝加哥市七个区域中枪支杀人发生率在人口统计学特征方面是否存在差异。
伊利诺伊州暴力死亡报告系统对暴力死亡进行常规监测。根据以下标准选择死者：死亡方式为杀人，武器类型为枪支，导致死亡的受伤地点为芝加哥市。受伤地点按区域划分：北部、西北部、中部、西部、南部、西南部和远南部。计算每10万人的多年发生率及相应的95%置信区间。
芝加哥市有2254名枪支杀人受害者。芝加哥所有人口统计学特征的总体发生率为每10万人12.9（12.1 - 13.5），平均年龄为27.4岁。枪支杀人发生率最高的年龄组（20 - 24岁）为每10万人43.2（39.7 - 46.7）。对于最年轻的年龄组（10 - 14岁），只有西南部区域（3.3 - 10.4）报告了任何枪支事件。20至24岁年龄组在南部（107.9 - 151.7）、西部（80.3 - 108.2）和远南部（69.6 - 105.3）区域的所有年龄组中发生率最高，而北部和西北部在所有区域中按年龄计算发生率最低。黑人枪支杀人发生率为每10万人33.5（31.9 - 35.1），而西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人枪支杀人发生率分别为每10万人8.5（7.7 - 9.3）和1.2（1 - 1.5）。最后，西部报告的枪支发生率最高，为29.1（657）。
总之，芝加哥是一个大城市，其组成区域之间的枪支杀人发生率差异很大；因此，芝加哥市作为一个整体的总体枪支杀人发生率并不能准确反映枪支杀人的真实情况。通过提供更多区域分析并通过多管齐下的举措进行有针对性的干预，以帮助降低未来的枪支发生率，并为解决系统性贫困以及获得医疗保健和医疗设施的充足机会等问题提供资金，可能会使政策实施更有效。
流行病学研究，四级。
