Reyes-Centeno Hugo, Ghirotto Silvia, Harvati Katerina
Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, D-72070, Germany.
DFG Center for Advanced Studies, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, D-72070, Germany.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017 Jan;162(1):170-179. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23060. Epub 2016 Aug 4.
In modern humans, the significant correlation between neutral genetic loci and cranial anatomy suggests that the cranium preserves a population history signature. However, there is disagreement on whether certain parts of the cranium preserve this signature to a greater degree than other parts. It is also unclear how different quantitative measures of phenotype affect the association of genetic variation and anatomy. Here, we revisit these matters by testing the correlation of genetic distances and various phenotypic distances for ten modern human populations.
Geometric morphometric shape data from the crania of adult individuals (n = 224) are used to calculate phenotypic P , Procrustes, and Mahalanobis distances. We calculate their correlation to neutral genetic distances, F , derived from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We subset the cranial data into landmark configurations that include the neurocranium, the face, and the temporal bone in order to evaluate whether these cranial regions are differentially correlated to neutral genetic variation.
Our results show that P , Mahalanobis, and Procrustes distances are correlated with F distances to varying degrees. They indicate that overall cranial shape is significantly correlated with neutral genetic variation. Of the component parts examined, P distances for both the temporal bone and the face have a stronger association with F distances than the neurocranium. When controlling for population divergence time, only the whole cranium and the temporal bone have a statistically significant association with F distances.
Our results confirm that the cranium, as a whole, and the temporal bone can be used to reconstruct modern human population history.
在现代人类中，中性基因位点与颅骨解剖结构之间存在显著相关性，这表明颅骨保留了群体历史特征。然而，对于颅骨的某些部分是否比其他部分保留这种特征的程度更高，存在不同意见。此外，尚不清楚不同的表型定量测量方法如何影响基因变异与解剖结构之间的关联。在这里，我们通过测试十个现代人类群体的遗传距离与各种表型距离之间的相关性，重新审视这些问题。
使用来自成年个体（n = 224）颅骨的几何形态测量形状数据来计算表型P距离、普氏距离和马氏距离。我们计算它们与从中性单核苷酸多态性（SNP）得出的中性遗传距离F的相关性。我们将颅骨数据子集化为包括脑颅、面部和颞骨的地标配置，以评估这些颅骨区域与中性基因变异的相关性是否存在差异。
我们的结果表明，P距离、马氏距离和普氏距离与F距离存在不同程度的相关性。它们表明整体颅骨形状与中性基因变异显著相关。在所检查的组成部分中，颞骨和面部的P距离与F距离的关联比脑颅更强。在控制群体分化时间时，只有整个颅骨和颞骨与F距离存在统计学上的显著关联。
我们的结果证实，整个颅骨以及颞骨可用于重建现代人类群体历史。
