Cui Xiaoyu, Gao Chuanji, Zhou Jianshe, Guo Chunyan
aBeijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China bBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China cDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Neuroreport. 2016 Sep 28;27(14):1037-45. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000652.
It has been widely shown that recognition memory includes two distinct retrieval processes: familiarity and recollection. Many studies have shown that recognition memory can be facilitated when there is a perceptual match between the studied and the tested items. Most event-related potential studies have explored the perceptual match effect on familiarity on the basis of the hypothesis that the specific event-related potential component associated with familiarity is the FN400 (300-500 ms mid-frontal effect). However, it is currently unclear whether the FN400 indexes familiarity or conceptual implicit memory. In addition, on the basis of the findings of a previous study, the so-called perceptual manipulations in previous studies may also involve some conceptual alterations. Therefore, we sought to determine the influence of perceptual manipulation by color changes on recognition memory when the perceptual or the conceptual processes were emphasized. Specifically, different instructions (perceptually or conceptually oriented) were provided to the participants. The results showed that color changes may significantly affect overall recognition memory behaviorally and that congruent items were recognized with a higher accuracy rate than incongruent items in both tasks, but no corresponding neural changes were found. Despite the evident familiarity shown in the two tasks (the behavioral performance of recognition memory was much higher than at the chance level), the FN400 effect was found in conceptually oriented tasks, but not perceptually oriented tasks. It is thus highly interesting that the FN400 effect was not induced, although color manipulation of recognition memory was behaviorally shown, as seen in previous studies. Our findings of the FN400 effect for the conceptual but not perceptual condition support the explanation that the FN400 effect indexes conceptual implicit memory.
大量研究表明，识别记忆包括两个不同的检索过程：熟悉度和回忆。许多研究表明，当学习项目和测试项目之间存在感知匹配时，识别记忆会得到促进。大多数事件相关电位研究在假设与熟悉度相关的特定事件相关电位成分是FN400（300 - 500毫秒额中效应）的基础上，探讨了感知匹配对熟悉度的影响。然而，目前尚不清楚FN400是索引熟悉度还是概念性内隐记忆。此外，根据先前一项研究的结果，先前研究中所谓的感知操作可能也涉及一些概念性改变。因此，我们试图确定在强调感知或概念过程时，颜色变化的感知操作对识别记忆的影响。具体而言，向参与者提供了不同的指示（感知导向或概念导向）。结果表明，颜色变化可能在行为上显著影响整体识别记忆，并且在两项任务中，一致项目的识别准确率均高于不一致项目，但未发现相应的神经变化。尽管在两项任务中都表现出明显的熟悉度（识别记忆的行为表现远高于随机水平），但在概念导向任务中发现了FN400效应，而在感知导向任务中未发现。因此，尽管如先前研究所示，识别记忆的颜色操作在行为上有所体现，但未诱发FN400效应，这一点非常有趣。我们关于概念条件而非感知条件下FN400效应的研究结果支持了FN400效应索引概念性内隐记忆的解释。
