Clair B, Régnier B
Rev Prat. 1989 Jun 8;39(18):1581-5.
Infective pneumonia occurring in immunocompromised patients is characterized by its multiple causes which create diagnostic problems and by the need for a prompt treatment. The principal criteria pointing to a specific organism are the causes of immunodeficiency (now usually due to treatment of blood diseases or cancers, organ transplantation and AIDS) and the radiological features of the pneumonia. Confirming the diagnosis frequently requires features of the pneumonia. Confirming the diagnosis frequently requires invasive explorations which in any case are limited by the patient's fragility. Consequently, empirical therapeutic measures are initiated, at least initially, taking into account all likely assumptions. The severity and frequency of these lung infections make it desirable to develop preventive measures applying to the patient himself (antibiotic prophylaxis) or to his environment.
免疫功能低下患者发生的感染性肺炎具有多种病因，这给诊断带来了问题，且需要及时治疗。指向特定病原体的主要标准是免疫缺陷的病因（目前通常是由于血液疾病或癌症的治疗、器官移植和艾滋病）以及肺炎的放射学特征。确诊往往需要肺炎的特征表现。确诊常常需要进行侵入性检查，而无论如何，这些检查都会因患者身体虚弱而受到限制。因此，至少在最初阶段，要考虑到所有可能的情况，采取经验性治疗措施。这些肺部感染的严重性和频繁性使得制定适用于患者自身（抗生素预防）或其环境的预防措施成为必要。
