Abdulkadir Mohamed, Tischfield Jay A, King Robert A, Fernandez Thomas V, Brown Lawrence W, Cheon Keun-Ah, Coffey Barbara J, de Bruijn Sebastian F T M, Elzerman Lonneke, Garcia-Delgar Blanca, Gilbert Donald L, Grice Dorothy E, Hagstrøm Julie, Hedderly Tammy, Heyman Isobel, Hong Hyun Ju, Huyser Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez Laura, Kim Young Key, Kim Young-Shin, Koh Yun-Joo, Kook Sodahm, Kuperman Samuel, Lamerz Andreas, Leventhal Bennett, Ludolph Andrea G, Madruga-Garrido Marcos, Maras Athanasios, Messchendorp Marieke D, Mir Pablo, Morer Astrid, Münchau Alexander, Murphy Tara L, Openneer Thaïra J C, Plessen Kerstin J, Rath Judith J G, Roessner Veit, Fründt Odette, Shin Eun-Young, Sival Deborah A, Song Dong-Ho, Song Jungeun, Stolte Anne-Marie, Tübing Jennifer, van den Ban Els, Visscher Frank, Wanderer Sina, Woods Martin, Zinner Samuel H, State Matthew W, Heiman Gary A, Hoekstra Pieter J, Dietrich Andrea
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2016 Nov;82:126-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.017. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
Pre- and perinatal complications have been implicated in the onset and clinical expression of Tourette syndrome albeit with considerable inconsistencies across studies. Also, little is known about their role in co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with a tic disorder. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal complications in relation to the presence and symptom severity of chronic tic disorder and co-occurring OCD and ADHD using data of 1113 participants from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics study. This study included 586 participants with a chronic tic disorder and 527 unaffected family controls. We controlled for age and sex differences by creating propensity score matched subsamples for both case-control and within-case analyses. We found that premature birth (OR = 1.72) and morning sickness requiring medical attention (OR = 2.57) were associated with the presence of a chronic tic disorder. Also, the total number of pre- and perinatal complications was higher in those with a tic disorder (OR = 1.07). Furthermore, neonatal complications were related to the presence (OR = 1.46) and severity (b = 2.27) of co-occurring OCD and also to ADHD severity (b = 1.09). Delivery complications were only related to co-occurring OCD (OR = 1.49). We conclude that early exposure to adverse situations during pregnancy is related to the presence of chronic tic disorders. Exposure at a later stage, at birth or during the first weeks of life, appears to be associated with co-occurring OCD and ADHD.
产前和围产期并发症被认为与抽动秽语综合征的发病和临床表现有关，尽管各研究结果存在相当大的不一致性。此外，对于它们在患有抽动障碍的个体中共存的强迫症（OCD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）中的作用知之甚少。因此，我们旨在利用抽动秽语国际协作遗传学研究中1113名参与者的数据，调查产前和围产期并发症与慢性抽动障碍以及共存的OCD和ADHD的存在及症状严重程度之间的关系。该研究包括586名患有慢性抽动障碍的参与者和527名未受影响的家庭对照者。我们通过创建倾向得分匹配的子样本进行病例对照分析和病例内分析，以控制年龄和性别差异。我们发现早产（OR = 1.72）和需要医疗护理的孕吐（OR = 2.57）与慢性抽动障碍的存在有关。此外，患有抽动障碍者的产前和围产期并发症总数更高（OR = 1.07）。此外，新生儿并发症与共存的OCD的存在（OR = 1.46）和严重程度（b = 2.27）有关，也与ADHD严重程度（b = 1.09）有关。分娩并发症仅与共存的OCD有关（OR = 1.49）。我们得出结论，孕期早期暴露于不利情况与慢性抽动障碍的存在有关。出生时或生命最初几周的后期暴露似乎与共存的OCD和ADHD有关。
