Kempnich Maria, Urquhart Josephine A, O'Connor Akira R, Moulin Chris J A
a School of Psychology & Neuroscience , University of St. Andrews , Scotland , UK.
b LPNC CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Saint-Martin-d'Hères , France.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2017 Oct;70(10):2026-2047. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1220607. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
It is widely held that episodic retrieval can recruit two processes: a threshold context retrieval process (recollection) and a continuous signal strength process (familiarity). Conversely the processes recruited during semantic retrieval are less well specified. We developed a semantic task analogous to single-item episodic recognition to interrogate semantic recognition receiver-operating characteristics (ROCs) for a marker of a threshold retrieval process. We fitted observed ROC points to three signal detection models: two models typically used in episodic recognition (unequal variance and dual-process signal detection models) and a novel dual-process recollect-to-reject (DP-RR) signal detection model that allows a threshold recollection process to aid both target identification and lure rejection. Given the nature of most semantic questions, we anticipated the DP-RR model would best fit the semantic task data. Experiment 1 (506 participants) provided evidence for a threshold retrieval process in semantic memory, with overall best fits to the DP-RR model. Experiment 2 (316 participants) found within-subjects estimates of episodic and semantic threshold retrieval to be uncorrelated. Our findings add weight to the proposal that semantic and episodic memory are served by similar dual-process retrieval systems, though the relationship between the two threshold processes needs to be more fully elucidated.
人们普遍认为，情景记忆提取可以调用两个过程：一个阈值背景检索过程（回忆）和一个连续信号强度过程（熟悉度）。相反，语义检索过程中调用的过程则不太明确。我们开发了一种类似于单项情景识别任务的语义任务，以探究语义识别接收者操作特征（ROC），寻找阈值检索过程的一个标记。我们将观察到的ROC点拟合到三种信号检测模型：两种通常用于情景识别的模型（不等方差和双过程信号检测模型），以及一种新颖的双过程回忆到拒绝（DP-RR）信号检测模型，该模型允许阈值回忆过程有助于目标识别和诱饵拒绝。鉴于大多数语义问题的性质，我们预计DP-RR模型最适合语义任务数据。实验1（506名参与者）为语义记忆中的阈值检索过程提供了证据，总体上最适合DP-RR模型。实验2（316名参与者）发现，情景和语义阈值检索的个体内部估计不相关。我们的研究结果进一步支持了这样一种观点，即语义记忆和情景记忆由类似的双过程检索系统提供服务，尽管这两个阈值过程之间的关系需要更充分地阐明。
