Yonelinas A P, Dobbins I, Szymanski M D, Dhaliwal H S, King L
Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis 95616, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 1996 Dec;5(4):418-41. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1996.0026.
Threshold- and signal-detection-based models have dominated theorizing about recognition memory. Building upon these theoretical frameworks, we have argued for a dual-process model in which conscious recollection (a threshold process) and familiarity (a signal-detection process) contribute to memory performance. In the current paper we assessed several memory models by examining the effects of levels of processing and the number of presentations on recognition memory receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). In general, when the ROCs were plotted in probability space they exhibited an inverted U shape; however, when they were plotted in z space they exhibited a U shape. An examination of the ROCs showed that the dual-process model could account for the observed ROCs, but that models based solely on either threshold or signal-detection processes failed to provide a sufficient account of the data. Furthermore, an examination of subjects' introspective reports using the remember/know procedure showed that subjects were aware of recollection and familiarity and were able to consistently report on their occurrence. The remember/know data were used to accurately predict the shapes of the ROCs, and estimates of recollection and familiarity derived from the ROC data mirrored the subjective reports of these processes.
基于阈值和信号检测的模型主导了关于识别记忆的理论研究。在这些理论框架的基础上，我们提出了一种双过程模型，其中有意识的回忆（一种阈值过程）和熟悉度（一种信号检测过程）对记忆表现有贡献。在当前论文中，我们通过考察加工水平和呈现次数对识别记忆接收者操作特征（ROC）的影响来评估了几种记忆模型。一般来说，当ROC在概率空间中绘制时，它们呈现出倒U形；然而，当它们在z空间中绘制时，它们呈现出U形。对ROC的考察表明，双过程模型可以解释观察到的ROC，但仅基于阈值或信号检测过程的模型未能充分解释这些数据。此外，使用记住/知道程序对受试者的内省报告进行考察表明，受试者意识到了回忆和熟悉度，并且能够一致地报告它们的发生情况。记住/知道数据被用于准确预测ROC的形状，并且从ROC数据得出的回忆和熟悉度估计反映了这些过程的主观报告。
