Reimer A M, Barsingerhorn A D, Overvelde A, Nijhuis-Van der Sanden M W G, Boonstra F N, Cox R F A
a Bartiméus Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , The Netherlands.
c Department of Rehabilitation , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2017 Aug;37(3):332-346. doi: 10.1080/01942638.2016.1205705. Epub 2016 Aug 5.
To compare fine motor performance of 3-year-old children with visual impairment with peers having normal vision, to provide reference scores for 3-year-old children with visual impairment on the ManuVis, and to assess inter-rater reliability.
26 children with visual impairment (mean age: 3 years 7 months (SD 3 months); 17 boys) and 28 children with normal vision (mean age: 3 years 7 months (SD 4 months); 14 boys) participated in the study. The ManuVis age band for 3-year-old children comprised two one-handed tasks, two two-handed tasks, and a pre-writing task.
Children with visual impairment needed more time on all tasks (p < .01) and performed the pre-writing task less accurately than children with normal vision (p < .001). Children aged 42-47 months performed significantly faster on two tasks and had better total scores than children aged 36-41 months (p < .05). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.96-0.99).
The ManuVis age band for 3-year-old children is appropriate to assess fine motor skills, and is sensitive to differences between children with visual impairment and normal vision and between half-year age groups. Reference scores are provided for 3-year-old children with visual impairment to identify delayed fine motor development.
比较3岁视力障碍儿童与视力正常同龄人的精细运动表现，为3岁视力障碍儿童在《手动视觉评估量表》（ManuVis）上提供参考分数，并评估评分者间的信度。
26名视力障碍儿童（平均年龄：3岁7个月（标准差3个月）；17名男孩）和28名视力正常儿童（平均年龄：3岁7个月（标准差4个月）；14名男孩）参与了该研究。3岁儿童的《手动视觉评估量表》年龄区间包括两项单手任务、两项双手任务和一项书写前任务。
视力障碍儿童在所有任务上需要更多时间（p < .01），并且在书写前任务中的表现不如视力正常儿童准确（p < .001）。42 - 47个月大的儿童在两项任务上完成得明显更快，且总得分高于36 - 41个月大的儿童（p < .05）。评分者间的信度极佳（组内相关系数 = 0.96 - 0.99）。
3岁儿童的《手动视觉评估量表》年龄区间适用于评估精细运动技能，并且对视力障碍儿童与视力正常儿童之间以及半年年龄组之间的差异敏感。为3岁视力障碍儿童提供了参考分数，以识别精细运动发育迟缓情况。
