1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2017 Nov;41(8):1301-1309. doi: 10.1177/0148607116662972. Epub 2016 Aug 5.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a cause of intestinal microbial dysbiosis and impaired gut barrier function. This may contribute to life-threatening parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and sepsis in infants. We compared the effects of a lipid emulsion containing long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; SMOFlipid) and a predominantly ω-6 PUFA emulsion (Intralipid) on microbial composition and host response at the mucosal surface.
Neonatal piglets were provided isocaloric, isonitrogenous TPN for 14 days versus sow-fed (SF) controls. Equivalent lipid doses (10 g/kg/d) were given of either SMOFlipid (ML; n = 10) or Intralipid (SO; n = 9). Ileal segments and mucosal scrapings were used to characterize microbial composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative gene expression of tight junction proteins, mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and inflammatory cytokines.
The microbial composition of TPN piglets differed from SF, while ML and SO differed from each other (analysis of molecular variance; P < .05); ML piglets were more similar to SF, as indicated by UniFrac distance ( P < .05). SO piglets showed a specific and dramatic increase in Parabacteroides ( P < .05), while ML showed an increase in Enterobacteriaceae ( P < .05). Gene expression of mucin, claudin 1, β-defensin 2, and interleukin 8 were higher in TPN; overall increases were significantly less in ML versus SO ( P < .05).
The formulation of parenteral lipid is associated with differences in the gut microbiota and host response of TPN-fed neonatal piglets. Inclusion of ω-3 long-chain PUFAs appears to improve host-microbial interactions at the mucosal surface, although mechanisms are yet to be defined.
全胃肠外营养（TPN）是肠道微生物失调和肠道屏障功能受损的原因。这可能导致婴儿致命的肠外营养相关肝病和败血症。我们比较了含有长链ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA；SMOFlipid）和主要含有 ω-6 PUFA 乳剂（Intralipid）的脂肪乳剂对黏膜表面微生物组成和宿主反应的影响。
新生仔猪给予等热量、等氮量的 TPN 14 天，与母乳喂养（SF）对照组进行比较。给予等剂量的脂肪乳剂（10 g/kg/d），即 SMOFlipid（ML；n = 10）或 Intralipid（SO；n = 9）。用 16S rRNA 基因测序和紧密连接蛋白、粘蛋白、抗菌肽和炎症细胞因子的定量基因表达来描述回肠段和黏膜刮取物的微生物组成。
TPN 仔猪的微生物组成与 SF 仔猪不同，而 ML 和 SO 之间也存在差异（分析分子方差；P <.05）；ML 仔猪与 SF 仔猪更相似，如 UniFrac 距离所示（P <.05）。SO 仔猪的 Parabacteroides 显著增加（P <.05），而 ML 仔猪的肠杆菌科增加（P <.05）。TPN 中粘蛋白、claudin 1、β-防御素 2 和白细胞介素 8 的基因表达较高；ML 与 SO 相比，总体增加明显较少（P <.05）。
肠外脂肪的配方与 TPN 喂养的新生仔猪的肠道微生物群和宿主反应有关。添加 ω-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸似乎改善了黏膜表面的宿主-微生物相互作用，尽管其机制尚待确定。
