Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Diabetes. 2016 Aug;40(4):355-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.015.
Pulses are highly nutritious foods that are included as part of Canada's Food Guide to promote healthful eating, and they have established health benefits that can contribute to the dietary management of diabetes. A review of studies that have examined the effects of pulse consumption on health outcomes, integral to the management of diabetes, provides credible evidence for improvements in glycemic control, reduction of blood lipids and regulation of body weight. Results from acute feeding trials suggest that postprandial blood glucose response is significantly attenuated by a single pulse serving of between three-quarters and 1 cup. At lower doses, pulses attenuate postprandial blood glucose response more than similar amounts of starchy foods. Long-term pulse consumption of 5 cups per week appears to result consistently in improvements in glycemic control. There is high-quality evidence that supports a role for pulse consumption in the reduction of risk for cardiovascular disease; this provides a sound rationale for the regular incorporation of pulses at about two-thirds of a cup daily in the management of hyperlipidemia in persons with type 2 diabetes. Pulse consumption can contribute to improving satiety, reducing food intake and regulating body weight, which can reduce obesity risk and, in turn, improve diabetes management. Collectively, available evidence provides very good support for a role of regular pulse consumption in the prevention and management of diabetes.
豆类是营养丰富的食物，被纳入加拿大食物指南的一部分，以促进健康饮食，它们具有已确定的健康益处，有助于糖尿病的饮食管理。对研究豆类消费对健康结果的影响的综述，是糖尿病管理的重要组成部分，为改善血糖控制、降低血脂和调节体重提供了可靠的证据。急性喂养试验的结果表明，单次摄入四分之三至一杯的豆类份量可显著减轻餐后血糖反应。在较低剂量下，豆类对餐后血糖反应的抑制作用强于同等数量的淀粉类食物。每周食用 5 份豆类似乎能持续改善血糖控制。有高质量证据支持豆类消费在降低心血管疾病风险方面的作用；这为在 2 型糖尿病患者的高脂血症管理中，每天约三分之二杯的频率定期摄入豆类提供了合理的依据。豆类消费有助于提高饱腹感、减少食物摄入和调节体重，从而降低肥胖风险，进而改善糖尿病管理。总之，现有证据非常支持豆类的定期摄入在预防和管理糖尿病方面的作用。
