Tófoli L F, de Araujo D B
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2016;129:157-85. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.005. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
Despite reports of apparent benefits, social and political pressure beginning in the late 1960s effectively banned scientific inquiry into psychedelic substances. Covert examination of psychedelics persisted through the 1990s; the turn of the century and especially the past 10 years, however, has seen a resurgent interest in psychedelic substances (eg, LSD, ayahuasca, psilocybin). This chapter outlines relevant EEG and brain imaging studies evaluating the effects of psychedelics on the brain. This chapter also reviews evidence of the use of psychedelics as adjunct therapy for a number of psychiatric and addictive disorders. In particular, psychedelics appear to have efficacy in treating depression and alcohol-use disorders.
尽管有明显益处的报道，但从20世纪60年代末开始的社会和政治压力有效地禁止了对迷幻物质的科学探究。对迷幻剂的秘密研究一直持续到20世纪90年代；然而，在世纪之交，尤其是在过去10年里，人们对迷幻物质（如麦角酸二乙酰胺、死藤水、裸盖菇素）的兴趣再度兴起。本章概述了评估迷幻物质对大脑影响的相关脑电图和脑成像研究。本章还回顾了将迷幻物质用作多种精神疾病和成瘾性疾病辅助治疗手段的证据。特别是，迷幻物质似乎在治疗抑郁症和酒精使用障碍方面具有疗效。
