Gleadow Ros, Pegg Amelia, Blomstedt Cecilia K
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
J Exp Bot. 2016 Oct;67(18):5403-5413. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw302. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
Rising sea levels are threatening agricultural production in coastal regions due to inundation and contamination of groundwater. The development of more salt-tolerant crops is essential. Cassava is an important staple, particularly among poor subsistence farmers. Its tolerance to drought and elevated temperatures make it highly suitable for meeting global food demands in the face of climate change, but its ability to tolerate salt is unknown. Cassava stores nitrogen in the form of cyanogenic glucosides and can cause cyanide poisoning unless correctly processed. Previous research demonstrated that cyanide levels are higher in droughted plants, possibly as a mechanism for increasing resilience to oxidative stress. We determined the tolerance of cassava to salt at two different stages of development, and tested the hypothesis that cyanide toxicity would be higher in salt-stressed plants. Cassava was grown at a range of concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) at two growth stages: tuber initiation and tuber expansion. Established plants were able to tolerate 100mM NaCl but in younger plants 40mM was sufficient to retard plant growth severely. Nutrient analysis showed that plants were only able to exclude sodium at low concentrations. The foliar cyanogenic glucoside concentration in young plants increased under moderate salinity stress but was lower in plants grown at high salt. Importantly, there was no significant change in the cyanogenic glucoside concentration in the tubers. We propose that the mechanisms for salinity tolerance are age dependent, and that this can be traced to the relative cost of leaves in young and old plants.
海平面上升正威胁着沿海地区的农业生产,原因是地下水被淹没和污染。培育更多耐盐作物至关重要。木薯是一种重要的主食作物,在贫困的自给农民中尤为常见。它对干旱和高温的耐受性使其非常适合在气候变化的情况下满足全球粮食需求,但其耐盐能力尚不清楚。木薯以含氰糖苷的形式储存氮,除非经过正确加工,否则可能会导致氰化物中毒。先前的研究表明,干旱植物中的氰化物含量较高,这可能是一种增强对氧化应激抵抗力的机制。我们确定了木薯在两个不同发育阶段对盐的耐受性,并检验了盐胁迫植物中氰化物毒性会更高的假设。木薯在两个生长阶段——块根形成期和块根膨大期——种植在一系列氯化钠(NaCl)浓度下。成熟植株能够耐受100mM NaCl,但在较年轻的植株中,40mM就足以严重阻碍植株生长。养分分析表明,植株仅在低浓度下能够排除钠。在中度盐胁迫下,幼嫩植株叶片中的含氰糖苷浓度增加,但在高盐环境下生长的植株中该浓度较低。重要的是,块根中的含氰糖苷浓度没有显著变化。我们认为,耐盐机制与年龄有关,这可以追溯到幼嫩植株和成熟植株叶片的相对成本。