Mothes Hendrik, Leukel Christian, Jo Han-Gue, Seelig Harald, Schmidt Stefan, Fuchs Reinhard
Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstrasse 175, 79117, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hansastrasse 9a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
J Behav Med. 2017 Apr;40(2):293-306. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9781-3. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
The study investigated whether typical psychological, physiological, and neurophysiological changes from a single exercise are affected by one's beliefs and expectations. Seventy-six participants were randomly assigned to four groups and saw different multimedia presentations suggesting that the subsequent exercise (moderate 30 min cycling) would result in more or less health benefits (induced expectations). Additionally, we assessed habitual expectations reflecting previous experience and beliefs regarding exercise benefits. Participants with more positive habitual expectations consistently demonstrated both greater psychological benefits (more enjoyment, mood increase, and anxiety reduction) and greater increase of alpha-2 power, assessed with electroencephalography. Manipulating participants' expectations also resulted in largely greater increases of alpha-2 power, but not in more psychological exercise benefits. On the physiological level, participants decreased their blood pressure after exercising, but this was independent of their expectations. These results indicate that habitual expectations in particular affect exercise-induced psychological and neurophysiological changes in a self-fulfilling manner.
该研究调查了单次运动所引起的典型心理、生理和神经生理变化是否会受到个人信念和期望的影响。76名参与者被随机分为四组，观看不同的多媒体演示，这些演示表明随后的运动（30分钟适度骑行）将带来或多或少的健康益处（诱导期望）。此外，我们评估了反映先前经验和对运动益处信念的习惯性期望。习惯性期望更积极的参与者始终表现出更大的心理益处（更多愉悦感、情绪改善和焦虑减轻）以及更大的α-2波功率增加，这是通过脑电图评估的。操纵参与者的期望也在很大程度上导致了α-2波功率的更大增加，但并未带来更多的心理运动益处。在生理层面上，参与者运动后血压下降，但这与他们的期望无关。这些结果表明，习惯性期望尤其以自我实现的方式影响运动引起的心理和神经生理变化。
