Correa-Rodríguez María, Rueda-Medina Blanca, González-Jiménez Emilio, Schmidt-RioValle Jacqueline
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración S/N, Granada, 18007, Spain.
Am J Hum Biol. 2017 Jan;29(1). doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22903. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the associations between total energy, macronutrient intakes, and physical activity (PA) and body composition by assessing body fat mass, fat-free mass, and BMI in a population of young adults.
The study population consisted of 605 young Spanish adults (median age 20.38 ± 2.67). Body composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass, was calculated with body composition analyzer. Daily energy and macronutrient intakes were measured using a 72-h recall method. The International PA Questionnaire was used to assess PA and sedentary time. Linear regression analyses were performed to test the possible associations between nutrition, PA factors, and body composition.
Linear regression analyses revealed that BMI has a significant positive association with protein intake (P = .004, B = 0.088, 95% CI 0.028-0.149) and an inverse association with carbohydrate intake (P = 0.034, B = -0.027, 95% CI -0.053 - -0.002). Protein intake also demonstrated a significant association with fat-free mass, but the size of the effect was smaller (P = .027, B = 96.965, 95% CI 11.250-182.679). There was evidence of a positive association between total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (P < .001, B = 15.630, 95% CI 6.989 -24.270) and fat-free mass (P < .001, B = 20.208, 95% CI 9.694 -30.723). When fat mass was used as the outcome variable, there was no evidence of any association with the PA, total energy, and macronutrient intakes variables analyzed.
Our findings suggest that PA variables were consistently associated with body composition, specifically fat-free mass. Dietary factors also have influence over body composition; we showed that protein intake is significantly associated with fat-free mass and BMI.
本研究旨在通过评估年轻成年人群体的体脂量、去脂体重和体重指数（BMI），调查总能量、常量营养素摄入量、身体活动（PA）与身体成分之间的关联。
研究人群包括605名西班牙年轻成年人（中位年龄20.38±2.67岁）。使用身体成分分析仪计算身体成分，包括脂肪量和去脂体重。采用72小时回顾法测量每日能量和常量营养素摄入量。使用国际身体活动问卷评估身体活动和久坐时间。进行线性回归分析以检验营养、身体活动因素与身体成分之间的可能关联。
线性回归分析显示，BMI与蛋白质摄入量呈显著正相关（P = 0.004，B = 0.088，95%可信区间0.028 - 0.149），与碳水化合物摄入量呈负相关（P = 0.034，B = -0.027，95%可信区间 -0.053 - -0.002）。蛋白质摄入量也与去脂体重呈显著关联，但效应大小较小（P = 0.027，B = 96.965，95%可信区间11.250 - 182.679）。有证据表明总身体活动与中等至剧烈身体活动之间呈正相关（P < 0.001，B = 15.630，95%可信区间6.989 - 24.270），与去脂体重呈正相关（P < 0.001，B = 20.208，95%可信区间9.694 - 30.7,23）。当以脂肪量作为结果变量时，没有证据表明其与所分析的身体活动、总能量和常量营养素摄入量变量之间存在任何关联。
我们的研究结果表明，身体活动变量与身体成分，特别是去脂体重始终相关。饮食因素也对身体成分有影响；我们表明蛋白质摄入量与去脂体重和BMI显著相关。
